The effects of cannabis and cannabinoids on the endocrine system.
Bone
Cannabis
Diabetes
Endocannabinoids
Fertility
Thyroid
Journal
Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
ISSN: 1573-2606
Titre abrégé: Rev Endocr Metab Disord
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 100940588
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2022
06 2022
Historique:
accepted:
15
08
2021
pubmed:
31
8
2021
medline:
3
6
2022
entrez:
30
8
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
With the increase in cannabis use due to policy changes and areas of decriminalization, it is important to recognize the potential impact of these substances on endocrine processes. Cannabinoids have many effects by activating the endocannabinoid system. This system plays a role in the normal functioning of nearly every organ and consists of the body's natural endocannabinoids, the cannabinoid receptors, and the enzymes and processes that regulate endocannabinoids. Exogenous cannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are known to act through cannabinoid type 1 and 2 receptors, and have been shown to mimic endocannabinoid signaling and affect receptor expression. This review summarizes the known impacts of cannabis on thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal function in addition to glucose control, lipids, and bone metabolism, including: reduced female fertility, increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, reduced sperm counts and function, lower thyroid hormone levels with acute use, blunting of stress response with chronic use, increased risk of prediabetes but lower risk of diabetes, suggested improvement of high density lipoproteins and triglycerides, and modest increase in fracture risk. The known properties of endocannabinoids, animal data, population data, and the possible benefits and concerns of cannabinoid use on hormonal function are discussed. The interconnectivity of the endocrine and endocannabinoid systems suggests opportunities for future therapeutic modalities which are an area of active investigation.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34460075
doi: 10.1007/s11154-021-09682-w
pii: 10.1007/s11154-021-09682-w
doi:
Substances chimiques
Cannabinoids
0
Endocannabinoids
0
Receptors, Cannabinoid
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
401-420Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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