Biopolymer nanoparticles: a strategy to enhance stability, bioavailability, and biological effects of phenolic compounds as functional ingredients.


Journal

Journal of the science of food and agriculture
ISSN: 1097-0010
Titre abrégé: J Sci Food Agric
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0376334

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
15 Jan 2022
Historique:
revised: 18 08 2021
received: 15 06 2021
accepted: 30 08 2021
pubmed: 31 8 2021
medline: 20 11 2021
entrez: 30 8 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Phenolic compounds are abundant in nature and have multiple beneficial effects on human health due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antiallergenic, anticancer, and antiatherosclerotic properties. For this reason, phenolics are becoming relevant functional ingredients for several industries, mainly the food industry, derived from food consumer exigencies and regulations. However, the use of their beneficial properties still presents some limitations, such as chemical instability under environmental and processing conditions, which leads to structural changes and compromises their biological activities. They also present poor water solubility and sensitivity to pH changes, decreasing their bioavailability in the organism. The technologies for extraction and stabilization of these compounds have evolved rapidly in the development of different delivery systems to encapsulate sensitive active molecules. Biopolymeric nanoparticles are biodegradable polymer-based colloidal systems with sizes ranging from 1 to 1000 nm, and different techniques can be carried out to develop them. These systems have emerged as a green and effective alternative to improve stability, bioavailability, and biological effects of phenolic compounds. This comprehensive review aims to present an overview of recent advances in encapsulation processes of phenolic compounds within biopolymer nanoparticles as delivery systems and the impact on their physicochemical properties and biological effects after encapsulation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Identifiants

pubmed: 34460939
doi: 10.1002/jsfa.11512
doi:

Substances chimiques

Anti-Inflammatory Agents 0
Antioxidants 0
Biopolymers 0
Phenols 0

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

41-52

Informations de copyright

© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Références

de Araújo FF, de Paulo Farias D, Neri-Numa IA and Pastore GM, Polyphenols and their applications: an approach in food chemistry and innovation potential. Food Chem 338:127535 (2021).
Kumar S, Abedin Md M, Singh AK and Das S, Role of phenolic compounds in plant-defensive mechanisms, in Plant Phenolics in Sustainable Agriculture, ed. by Lone R, Shuab R and Kamili AN. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 517-532 (2020).
Vuolo MM, Lima VS and Maróstica Junior MR, Phenolic compounds, in Bioactive Compounds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 33-50 (2019).
Del Rio D, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Spencer JPE, Tognolini M, Borges G and Crozier A, Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 18:1818-1892 (2013).
Grgić J, Šelo G, Planinić M, Tišma M and Bucić-Kojić A, Role of the encapsulation in bioavailability of phenolic compounds. Antioxidants 9:923 (2020).
Sarker U and Oba S, Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities in selected drought-tolerant leafy vegetable amaranth. Sci Rep 10:18287 (2020).
Chen G-L, Zhang X, Chen S-G, Han M-D and Gao Y-Q, Antioxidant activities and contents of free, esterified and insoluble-bound phenolics in 14 subtropical fruit leaves collected from the south of China. J Funct Foods 30:290-302 (2017).
Chen M-H, McClung AM and Bergman CJ, Phenolic content, anthocyanins and antiradical capacity of diverse purple bran rice genotypes as compared to other bran colors. J Cereal Sci 77:110-119 (2017).
Khang D, Dung T, Elzaawely A and Xuan T, Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of germinated legumes. Foods 5:27 (2016).
Li Z, Lee H, Liang X, Liang D, Wang Q, Huang D et al., Profiling of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of 12 cruciferous vegetables. Molecules 23:1139 (2018).
Ruiz-Ruiz JC, Matus-Basto AJ, Acereto-Escoffié P and Segura-Campos MR, Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of phenolic compounds isolated from Melipona beecheii honey. Food Agric Immunol 28:1424-1437 (2017).
Bojić M, Maleš Ž, Antolić A, Babić I and Tomičić M, Antithrombotic activity of flavonoids and polyphenols rich plant species. Acta Pharm 69:483-495 (2019).
Saqib U, Khan MA, Alagumuthu M, Parihar SP and Baig MS, Natural compounds as antiatherogenic agents. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-Grand) 67:177 (2021).
Othman ZA, Wan Ghazali WS, Noordin L, Mohd Yusof NA and Mohamed M, Phenolic compounds and the anti-atherogenic effect of bee bread in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Antioxidants 9:33 (2019).
Delfanian M and Sahari MA, Improving functionality, bioavailability, nutraceutical and sensory attributes of fortified foods using phenolics-loaded nanocarriers as natural ingredients. Food Res Int 137:109555 (2020).
Dias R, Oliveira H, Fernandes I, Simal-Gandara J and Perez-Gregorio R, Recent advances in extracting phenolic compounds from food and their use in disease prevention and as cosmetics. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 61:1130-1151 (2021).
Arruda HS, Neri-Numa IA, Kido LA, Maróstica Júnior MR and Pastore GM, Recent advances and possibilities for the use of plant phenolic compounds to manage ageing-related diseases. J Funct Foods 75:104203 (2020).
Lee B, Yeom M, Shim I, Lee H and Hahm D, Inhibitory effect of carvacrol on lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment in rats. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 24:27 (2020).
Morissette A, Kropp C, Songpadith J-P, Junges Moreira R, Costa J, Mariné-Casadó R et al., Blueberry proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins improve metabolic health through a gut microbiota-dependent mechanism in diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 318:E965-E980 (2020).
Almeida TC, Guerra CCC, De Assis BLG, Oliveira Aguiar Soares RD, Garcia CCM, Lima AA et al., Antiproliferative and toxicogenomic effects of resveratrol in bladder cancer cells with different TP53 status. Environ Mol Mutagen 60:740-751 (2019).
Mark R, Lyu X, Lee JJL, Parra-Saldívar R and Chen WN, Sustainable production of natural phenolics for functional food applications. J Funct Foods 57:233-254 (2019).
Sarker U and Oba S, Nutrients, minerals, pigments, phytochemicals, and radical scavenging activity in Amaranthus blitum leafy vegetables. Sci Rep 10:3868 (2020).
Cherubim DJ, Martins CV, Fariña L and Lucca RA, Polyphenols as natural antioxidants in cosmetics applications. J Cosmet Dermatol 19:33-37 (2020).
Figueroa-Robles A, Antunes-Ricardo M and Guajardo-Flores D, Encapsulation of phenolic compounds with liposomal improvement in the cosmetic industry. Int J Pharm 593:120125 (2021).
Jafarzadeh S, Jafari SM, Salehabadi A, Nafchi AM, Uthaya Kumar US and Khalil HPSA, Biodegradable green packaging with antimicrobial functions based on the bioactive compounds from tropical plants and their by-products. Trends Food Sci Technol 100:262-277 (2020).
Pinheiro Bruni G, Santos Acunha T, Oliveira JP, Martins Fonseca L, Tavares da Silva F, Martins Guimarães V et al., Electrospun protein fibers loaded with yerba mate extract for bioactive release in food packaging. J Sci Food Agric 100:3341-3350 (2020).
Szabo K, Teleky B-E, Mitrea L, Călinoiu L-F, Martău G-A, Simon E et al., Active packaging: poly(vinyl alcohol) films enriched with tomato by-products extract. Coatings 10:141 (2020).
Albuquerque BR, Heleno SA, Oliveira MBPP, Barros L and Ferreira ICFR, Phenolic compounds: current industrial applications, limitations and future challenges. Food Funct 12:14-29 (2021).
Panzella L, Natural phenolic compounds for health, food and cosmetic applications. Antioxidants 9:427 (2020).
Salem MZM, Ibrahim IHM, Ali HM and Helmy HM, Assessment of the use of natural extracted dyes and pancreatin enzyme for dyeing of four natural textiles: HPLC analysis of phytochemicals. Processes 8:59 (2020).
Zhou Q, Rather LJ, Ali A, Wang W, Zhang Y, Rizwanul Haque QM et al., Environmental friendly bioactive finishing of wool textiles using the tannin-rich extracts of Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum L.) waste/fallen leaves. Dyes Pigments 176:108230 (2020).
Amutha K, Annapoorani SG and Sudhapriya N, Dyeing of textiles with natural dyes extracted from Terminalia arjuna and Thespesia populnea fruits. Ind Crops Prod 148:112303 (2020).
Deng Y, Zhang X, Shen H, He Q, Wu Z, Liao W et al., Application of the nano-drug delivery system in treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 7:489 (2020).
Marques AC, Costa PJ, Velho S and Amaral MH, Functionalizing nanoparticles with cancer-targeting antibodies: a comparison of strategies. J Control Release 320:180-200 (2020).
Faridi Esfanjani A and Jafari SM, Biopolymer nano-particles and natural nano-carriers for nano-encapsulation of phenolic compounds. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 146:532-543 (2016).
Ali M, Kennedy CM, Kiesecker J and Geng Y, Integrating biodiversity offsets within circular economy policy in China. J Clean Prod 185:32-43 (2018).
Wang W, Sun C, Mao L, Ma P, Liu F, Yang J et al., The biological activities, chemical stability, metabolism and delivery systems of quercetin: a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 56:21-38 (2016).
Gullón B, Lú-Chau TA, Moreira MT, Lema JM and Eibes G, Rutin: a review on extraction, identification and purification methods, biological activities and approaches to enhance its bioavailability. Trends Food Sci Technol 67:220-235 (2017).
Kalinová JP, Vrchotová N and Tříska J, Contribution to the study of rutin stability in the achenes of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). Food Chem 258:314-320 (2018).
Park HR, Rho S-J and Kim Y-R, Solubility, stability, and bioaccessibility improvement of curcumin encapsulated using 4-α-glucanotransferase-modified rice starch with reversible pH-induced aggregation property. Food Hydrocoll 95:19-32 (2019).
Dai W, Ruan C, Zhang Y, Wang J, Han J, Shao Z et al., Bioavailability enhancement of EGCG by structural modification and nano-delivery: a review. J Funct Foods 65:103732 (2020).
Chen S, Han Y, Jian L, Liao W, Zhang Y and Gao Y, Fabrication, characterization, physicochemical stability of zein-chitosan nanocomplex for co-encapsulating curcumin and resveratrol. Carbohydr Polym 236:116090 (2020).
Setyaningsih W, Saputro IE, Palma M and Barroso CG, Stability of 40 phenolic compounds during ultrasound-assisted extractions (UAE). AIP Conf Proc 1755:080009 (2016).
Rahaiee S, Assadpour E, Faridi Esfanjani A, Silva AS and Jafari SM, Application of nano/microencapsulated phenolic compounds against cancer. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 279:102153 (2020).
Borges A, de Freitas V, Mateus N, Fernandes I and Oliveira J, Solid lipid nanoparticles as carriers of natural phenolic compounds. Antioxidants 9:998 (2020).
Nogueira MH, Tavares GM, Casanova F, Silva CR, Rocha JC, Stringheta PC et al., Cross-linked casein micelle used as encapsulating agent for Jaboticaba ( Plinia jaboticaba ) phenolic compounds by spray drying. Int J Dairy Technol 73:765-770 (2020).
Akbari-Alavijeh S, Shaddel R and Jafari SM, Encapsulation of food bioactives and nutraceuticals by various chitosan-based nanocarriers. Food Hydrocoll 105:105774 (2020).
Dorneles MS and Noreña CPZ, Microwave-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Araucaria angustifolia bracts followed by encapsulation. J Food Process Preserv 44 (2020).
Gaber Ahmed GH, Fernández-González A and Díaz García ME, Nano-encapsulation of grape and apple pomace phenolic extract in chitosan and soy protein via nanoemulsification. Food Hydrocoll 108:105806 (2020).
Radünz M, Hackbart HCDS, Bona NP, Pedra NS, Hoffmann JF, Stefanello FM et al., Glucosinolates and phenolic compounds rich broccoli extract: encapsulation by electrospraying and antitumor activity against glial tumor cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 192:111020 (2020).
Villalva M, Jaime L, Arranz E, Zhao Z, Corredig M, Reglero G et al., Nanoemulsions and acidified milk gels as a strategy for improving stability and antioxidant activity of yarrow phenolic compounds after gastrointestinal digestion. Food Res Int 130:108922 (2020).
Zhang L, McClements DJ, Wei Z, Wang G, Liu X and Liu F, Delivery of synergistic polyphenol combinations using biopolymer-based systems: advances in physicochemical properties, stability and bioavailability. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 60:2083-2097 (2020).
Yang B, Dong Y, Wang F and Zhang Y, Nanoformulations to enhance the bioavailability and physiological functions of polyphenols. Molecules 25:4613 (2020).
Castro KC, de Costa JM and Campos MGN, Drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles: a review. Int J Polym Mater:1:1-13 (2020).
Begines B, Ortiz T, Pérez-Aranda M, Martínez G, Merinero M, Argüelles-Arias F et al., Polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery: recent developments and future prospects. Nanomaterials 10:1403 (2020).
Penalva R, González-Navarro CJ, Gamazo C, Esparza I and Irache JM, Zein nanoparticles for oral delivery of quercetin: pharmacokinetic studies and preventive anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of endotoxemia. Nanotechnol Biol Med 13:103-110 (2017).
Ma J-J, Yu Y-G, Yin S-W, Tang C-H and Yang X-Q, Cellular uptake and intracellular antioxidant activity of zein/chitosan nanoparticles incorporated with quercetin. J Agric Food Chem 66:12783-12793 (2018).
Chen S, Li Q, McClements DJ, Han Y, Dai L, Mao L et al., Co-delivery of curcumin and piperine in zein-carrageenan core-shell nanoparticles: formation, structure, stability and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Food Hydrocoll 99:105334 (2020).
Chen G, Fu Y, Niu F, Zhang H, Li X and Li X, Evaluation of the colloidal/chemical performance of core-shell nanoparticle formed by zein and gum arabic. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 560:130-135 (2019).
Su C-R, Huang Y-Y, Chen Q-H, Li M-F, Wang H, Li G-Y et al., A novel complex coacervate formed by gliadin and sodium alginate: relationship to encapsulation and controlled release properties. LWT - Food Sci Technol 139:110591 (2021).
Yan X, Zhang X, McClements DJ, Zou L, Liu X and Liu F, Co-encapsulation of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and curcumin by two proteins-based nanoparticles: role of EGCG. J Agric Food Chem 67:13228-13236 (2019).
Penalva R, Esparza I, Larraneta E, González-Navarro CJ, Gamazo C and Irache JM, Zein-based nanoparticles improve the oral bioavailability of resveratrol and its anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of endotoxic shock. J Agric Food Chem 63:5603-5611 (2015).
Liu Y, Liang X, Zou Y, Peng Y, McClements DJ and Hu K, Resveratrol-loaded biopolymer core-shell nanoparticles: bioavailability and anti-inflammatory effects. Food Funct 11:4014-4025 (2020).
de Oliveira CA, Peres DD, Graziola F, Chacra NAB, de Araújo GLB, Flórido AC et al., Cutaneous biocompatible rutin-loaded gelatin-based nanoparticles increase the SPF of the association of UVA and UVB filters. Eur J Pharm Sci 81:1-9 (2016).
Chuang Y-L, Fang H-W, Ajitsaria A, Chen K-H, Su C-Y, Liu G-S et al., Development of kaempferol-loaded gelatin nanoparticles for the treatment of corneal neovascularization in mice. Pharmaceutics 11:635 (2019).
Muhammad DRA, Sedaghat Doost A, Gupta V, Sintang MD, Van de Walle D, Van der Meeren P et al., Stability and functionality of xanthan gum-shellac nanoparticles for the encapsulation of cinnamon bark extract. Food Hydrocoll 100:105377 (2020).
Ilk S, Saglam N and Özgen M, Kaempferol loaded lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles: preparation, characterization, and their potential applications as a sustainable antifungal agent. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 45:907-916 (2017).
Liu Y, Liao Y, Wei S, Zhang H and Wang X, Nanoparticles based on sodium alginate and β-conglycinin: self-assembly and delivery of Phyllanthus urinaria phenolic compounds. J Food Process Preserv 43:e13851 (2019).
Choudhary A, Kant V, Jangir BL and Joshi VG, Quercetin loaded chitosan tripolyphosphate nanoparticles accelerated cutaneous wound healing in Wistar rats. Eur J Pharmacol 880:173172 (2020).
Aluani D, Tzankova V, Kondeva-Burdina M, Yordanov Y, Nikolova E, Odzhakov F et al., Еvaluation of biocompatibility and antioxidant efficiency of chitosan-alginate nanoparticles loaded with quercetin. Int J Biol Macromol 103:771-782 (2017).
Tan C, Xie J, Zhang X, Cai J and Xia S, Polysaccharide-based nanoparticles by chitosan and gum arabic polyelectrolyte complexation as carriers for curcumin. Food Hydrocoll 57:236-245 (2016).
Patil AG and Jobanputra AH, Rutin-chitosan nanoparticles: fabrication, characterization and application in dental disorders. Polymer Plast Technol Eng 54:202-208 (2015).
Cui H, Surendhiran D, Li C and Lin L, Biodegradable zein active film containing chitosan nanoparticle encapsulated with pomegranate peel extract for food packaging. Food Packag Shelf Life 24:100511 (2020).
Liang T, Zhang Z and Jing P, Black rice anthocyanins embedded in self-assembled chitosan/chondroitin sulfate nanoparticles enhance apoptosis in HCT-116 cells. Food Chem 301:125280 (2019).
Montalbán M, Coburn J, Lozano-Pérez A, Cenis J, Víllora G and Kaplan D, Production of curcumin-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Nanomaterials 8:126 (2018).
Karthikeyan S, Hoti SL and Prasad NR, Resveratrol loaded gelatin nanoparticles synergistically inhibits cell cycle progression and constitutive NF-kappaB activation, and induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 70:274-282 (2015).
Jayan H, Maria Leena M, Sivakama Sundari SK, Moses JA and Anandharamakrishnan C, Improvement of bioavailability for resveratrol through encapsulation in zein using electrospraying technique. J Funct Foods 57:417-424 (2019).
Soleimanifar M, Jafari SM and Assadpour E, Encapsulation of olive leaf phenolics within electrosprayed whey protein nanoparticles: production and characterization. Food Hydrocoll 101:105572 (2020).
Doan CD and Ghosh S, Formation and stability of pea proteins nanoparticles using ethanol-induced desolvation. Nanomaterials 9:949 (2019).
Ahsan SM and Rao CM, The role of surface charge in the desolvation process of gelatin: implications in nanoparticle synthesis and modulation of drug release. Int J Nanomed 12:795-808 (2017).
Hong S, Choi DW, Kim HN, Park CG, Lee W and Park HH, Protein-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Pharmaceutics 12:604 (2020).
Lalatsa A and Barbu E, Carbohydrate nanoparticles for brain delivery. Int Rev Neurobiol 130:115-153 (2016).
Auriemma G, Russo P, Del Gaudio P, García-González CA, Landín M and Aquino RP, Technologies and formulation design of polysaccharide-based hydrogels for drug delivery. Molecules 25:3156 (2020).
Bayraktar O, Erdoğan İ, Köse MD and Kalmaz G, Nanocarriers for plant-derived natural compounds, in Nanostructures for Antimicrobial Therapy. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 395-412 (2017).
Sacco P, Pedroso-Santana S, Kumar Y, Joly N, Martin P and Bocchetta P, Ionotropic gelation of chitosan flat structures and potential applications. Molecules 26:660 (2021).
Jacob J, Haponiuk JT, Thomas S and Gopi S, Biopolymer based nanomaterials in drug delivery systems: a review. Mater Today Chem 9:43-55 (2018).
García-Sánchez A, Miranda-Díaz AG and Cardona-Muñoz EG, The role of oxidative stress in physiopathology and pharmacological treatment with pro- and antioxidant properties in chronic diseases. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020:1-16 (2020).
Rocha S, Generalov R, do Pereira MC, Peres I, Juzenas P and Coelho MA, Epigallocatechin gallate-loaded polysaccharide nanoparticles for prostate cancer chemoprevention. Nanomedicine 6:79-87 (2011).
Zhou P, Feng R, Luo Z, Li X, Wang L and Gao L, Synthesis, identification and bioavailability of Juglans regia L. polyphenols-Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides nanoparticles. Food Chem 329:127158 (2020).
Teong B, Lin C-Y, Chang S-J, Niu GC-C, Yao C-H, Chen I-F et al., Enhanced anti-cancer activity by curcumin-loaded hydrogel nanoparticle derived aggregates on A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. J Mater Sci Mater Med 26:49 (2015).
Zhang F, Khan MA, Cheng H and Liang L, Co-encapsulation of α-tocopherol and resveratrol within zein nanoparticles: impact on antioxidant activity and stability. J Food Eng 247:9-18 (2019).
Brotons-Canto A, Gonzalez-Navarro CJ, Gurrea J, González-Ferrero C and Irache JM, Zein nanoparticles improve the oral bioavailability of resveratrol in humans. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 57:101704 (2020).
Dai L, Sun C, Li R, Mao L, Liu F and Gao Y, Structural characterization, formation mechanism and stability of curcumin in zein-lecithin composite nanoparticles fabricated by antisolvent co-precipitation. Food Chem 237:1163-1171 (2017).
Zhang H, Fu Y, Xu Y, Niu F, Li Z, Ba C et al., One-step assembly of zein/caseinate/alginate nanoparticles for encapsulation and improved bioaccessibility of propolis. Food Funct 10:635-645 (2019).
Arroyo-Maya IJ and McClements DJ, Biopolymer nanoparticles as potential delivery systems for anthocyanins: fabrication and properties. Food Res Int 69:1-8 (2015).
Milinčić DD, Popović DA, Lević SM, Kostić AŽ, ŽLj T, Nedović VA et al., Application of polyphenol-loaded nanoparticles in food industry. Nanomaterials 9:1629 (2019).
Khan MA, Yue C, Fang Z, Hu S, Cheng H, Bakry AM et al., Alginate/chitosan-coated zein nanoparticles for the delivery of resveratrol. J Food Eng 258:45-53 (2019).
Joye IJ, Davidov-Pardo G and McClements DJ, Encapsulation of resveratrol in biopolymer particles produced using liquid antisolvent precipitation. Part 2: Stability and functionality. Food Hydrocoll 49:127-134 (2015).
Davidov-Pardo G, Pérez-Ciordia S, Marı́n-Arroyo MR and McClements DJ, Improving resveratrol bioaccessibility using biopolymer nanoparticles and complexes: impact of protein-carbohydrate maillard conjugation. J Agric Food Chem 63:3915-3923 (2015).

Auteurs

Daniela Nishimoto-Sauceda (D)

Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Mexico.

Laura E Romero-Robles (LE)

Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Mexico.

Marilena Antunes-Ricardo (M)

Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Mexico.

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH