Impact of a personalised, digital, HIV self-testing app-based program on linkages and new infections in the township populations of South Africa.


Journal

BMJ global health
ISSN: 2059-7908
Titre abrégé: BMJ Glob Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101685275

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
08 2021
Historique:
received: 16 04 2021
accepted: 15 08 2021
entrez: 3 9 2021
pubmed: 4 9 2021
medline: 13 10 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Implementation data for digital unsupervised HIV self-testing (HIVST) are sparse. We evaluated the impact of an app-based, personalised, oral HIVST program offered by healthcare workers in Western Cape, South Africa. In a quasirandomised study (n=3095), we recruited consenting adults with undiagnosed HIV infection from township clinics. To the HIVST arm participants (n=1535), we offered a choice of an offsite (home, office or kiosk based), unsupervised digital HIVST program (n=962), or an onsite, clinic-based, supervised digital HIVST program (n=573) with 24/7 linkages services.With propensity score analyses, we compared outcomes (ie, linkages, new HIV infections and test referrals) with conventional HIV testing (ConvHT) arm participants (n=1560), recruited randomly from geographically separated clinics. In both arms, participants were young (HIVST vs ConvHT) (mean age: 28.2 years vs 29.2 years), female (65.0% vs 76.0%) and had monthly income <3000 rand (80.8% vs 75%).Participants chose unsupervised HIVST (62.7%) versus supervised HIVST and reported multiple sex partners (10.88% vs 8.7%), exposure to sex workers (1.4% vs 0.2%) and fewer comorbidities (0.9% vs 1.9%). Almost all HIVST participants were linked (unsupervised HIVST (99.7%), supervised HIVST (99.8%) vs ConvHT (98.5%)) (adj RR 1.012; 95% CI 1.005 to 1.018) with new HIV infections: overall HIVST (9%); supervised HIVST (10.9%) and unsupervised HIVST (7.6%) versus ConvHT (6.79%) (adj RR 1.305; 95% CI 1.023 to 1.665); test referrals: 16.7% HIVST versus 3.1% ConvHT (adj RR 5.435; 95% CI 4.024 to 7.340). Our flexible, personalised, app-based HIVST program, offered by healthcare workers, successfully linked almost all HIV self-testers, detected new infections and increased referrals to self-test. Data are relevant for digital HIVST initiatives worldwide.

Identifiants

pubmed: 34475026
pii: bmjgh-2021-006032
doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006032
pmc: PMC8413877
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Subventions

Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom

Informations de copyright

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

Competing interests: HIVSmart! is an open access application that is owned by Grand Challenges Canada, McGill University and Dr Pant Pai.

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Auteurs

Nitika Pai (N)

Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada Nitika.Pai@mcgill.ca.
Research Institute of McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.

Aliasgar Esmail (A)

South African MRC Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Paramita Saha Chaudhuri (P)

Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.

Suzette Oelofse (S)

Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Marietjie Pretorius (M)

Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Gayatri Marathe (G)

Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.

Jana Daher (J)

Research Institute of McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.

Megan Smallwood (M)

Research Institute of McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.

Nicolaos Karatzas (N)

Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.

Mohammed Fadul (M)

Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Anna de Waal (A)

Research Institute of McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.

Nora Engel (N)

Department of Health, Ethics & Society/CAPHRI, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Alice Anne Zwerling (AA)

School of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Keertan Dheda (K)

South African MRC Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

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