Physical activity and fat-free mass during growth and in later life.
age
body composition
doubly labeled water
energy expenditure
physical activity level
Journal
The American journal of clinical nutrition
ISSN: 1938-3207
Titre abrégé: Am J Clin Nutr
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0376027
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 11 2021
08 11 2021
Historique:
received:
30
03
2021
accepted:
14
07
2021
pubmed:
4
9
2021
medline:
26
11
2021
entrez:
3
9
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass. A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age. In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution. PAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32% and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and males ≥ 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg) and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At age 18 y, height and FM-adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% CI: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher, and at age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: -0.2, 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI: -0.1, 2.1 kg) higher, in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. If these associations are causal, they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against loss of FFM in aging adults.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.
OBJECTIVES
A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.
METHODS
In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical activity level (PAL = TEE/REE), and calculation of FFM from isotope dilution.
RESULTS
PAL was a main determinant of body composition at all ages. Models with age, fat mass (FM), and PAL explained 76% and 85% of the variation in FFM in females and males < 18 y old, and 32% and 47% of the variation in FFM in females and males ≥ 18 y old, respectively. In participants < 18 y old, mean FM-adjusted FFM was 1.7 kg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.2 kg) and 3.4 kg (95% CI: 1.0, 5.6 kg) higher in a very active participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a sedentary participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively. At age 18 y, height and FM-adjusted FFM was 3.6 kg (95% CI: 2.8, 4.4 kg) and 4.4 kg (95% CI: 3.2, 5.7 kg) higher, and at age 80 y 0.7 kg (95% CI: -0.2, 1.7 kg) and 1.0 kg (95% CI: -0.1, 2.1 kg) higher, in a participant with PAL = 2.0 than in a participant with PAL = 1.5, for females and males, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
If these associations are causal, they suggest physical activity is a major determinant of body composition as reflected in peak FFM, and that a physically active lifestyle can only partly protect against loss of FFM in aging adults.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34477824
pii: S0002-9165(22)00490-7
doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab260
pmc: PMC8574623
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1583-1589Subventions
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : P30 DK056341
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : R01 CA119171
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIGMS NIH HHS
ID : U54 GM104940
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR001414
Pays : United States
Investigateurs
Stefan Branth
(S)
Lisa H Colbert
(LH)
Niels C De Bruin
(NC)
Alice E Dutman
(AE)
Sölve Elmståhl
(S)
Mikael Fogelholm
(M)
Tamara Harris
(T)
Rik Heijligenberg
(R)
Hans U Jorgensen
(HU)
Christel L Larsson
(CL)
Elisabet M Rothenberg
(EM)
Margaret McCloskey
(M)
Gerwin A Meijer
(GA)
Daphne L Pannemans
(DL)
Sabine Schulz
(S)
Rita Van den Berg-Emons
(R)
Wim G Van Gemert
(WG)
W Wilhelmine
(W)
Venne Verboeket-van de
(V)
Jeanine A Verbunt
(JA)
Renaat M Philippaerts
(RM)
Amy Subar
(A)
Minna Tanskanen
(M)
Ricardo Uauy
(R)
Erica J Velthuis-Te Wierik
(EJ)
Commentaires et corrections
Type : CommentIn
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.
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