Animal experiments show impact of vaccination on reduction of SARS-CoV-2 virus circulation: A model for vaccine development?
Animal model
COVID-19
Exposure experiments
Vaccine development
Journal
Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization
ISSN: 1095-8320
Titre abrégé: Biologicals
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9004494
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Sep 2021
Sep 2021
Historique:
received:
20
05
2021
revised:
26
08
2021
accepted:
30
08
2021
pubmed:
8
9
2021
medline:
26
10
2021
entrez:
7
9
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
In the pre-clinical phase, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were tested in animal models, including exposure trials, to investigate protection against SARS-CoV-2. These studies paved the way for clinical development. The objective of our review was to provide an overview of published animal exposure results, focussing on the capacity of vaccines to reduce/prevent viral shedding. Using Medline, we retrieved eighteen papers on eight different vaccine platforms in four animal models. Data were extracted on presence/absence of viral RNA in nose, throat, or lungs, and neutralizing antibody levels in the blood. All vaccines showed a tendency of reduced viral load after exposure. Particularly nasal swab results are likely to give an indication about the impact on virus excretion in the environment. Similarly, the reduction or prevention of viral replication in the bronchoalveolar environment might be related with disease prevention, explaining the high efficacy in clinical trials. Although it remains difficult to compare the results directly, the potential for a strong reduction of transmission was shown, indicating that the animal models predicted what is observed in the field after large scale human vaccination. This merits further attention for standardization of exposure experiments, with the intention to speed up future vaccine development.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
In the pre-clinical phase, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were tested in animal models, including exposure trials, to investigate protection against SARS-CoV-2. These studies paved the way for clinical development. The objective of our review was to provide an overview of published animal exposure results, focussing on the capacity of vaccines to reduce/prevent viral shedding.
METHOD
METHODS
Using Medline, we retrieved eighteen papers on eight different vaccine platforms in four animal models. Data were extracted on presence/absence of viral RNA in nose, throat, or lungs, and neutralizing antibody levels in the blood.
RESULTS
RESULTS
All vaccines showed a tendency of reduced viral load after exposure. Particularly nasal swab results are likely to give an indication about the impact on virus excretion in the environment. Similarly, the reduction or prevention of viral replication in the bronchoalveolar environment might be related with disease prevention, explaining the high efficacy in clinical trials.
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
Although it remains difficult to compare the results directly, the potential for a strong reduction of transmission was shown, indicating that the animal models predicted what is observed in the field after large scale human vaccination. This merits further attention for standardization of exposure experiments, with the intention to speed up future vaccine development.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34489162
pii: S1045-1056(21)00071-3
doi: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2021.08.001
pmc: PMC8414133
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antibodies, Neutralizing
0
Antibodies, Viral
0
COVID-19 Vaccines
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1-7Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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