Small Extracellular Vesicles and Metastasis-Blame the Messenger.
cancer
exosomes
immune evasion
metastasis
organotropism
pre-metastatic niche
small extracellular vesicles (sEVs)
Journal
Cancers
ISSN: 2072-6694
Titre abrégé: Cancers (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101526829
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
30 Aug 2021
30 Aug 2021
Historique:
received:
30
07
2021
revised:
23
08
2021
accepted:
26
08
2021
entrez:
10
9
2021
pubmed:
11
9
2021
medline:
11
9
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Cancer is a complex disease, driven by genetic defects and environmental cues. Systemic dissemination of cancer cells by metastasis is generally associated with poor prognosis and is responsible for more than 90% of cancer deaths. Metastasis is thought to follow a sequence of events, starting with loss of epithelial features, detachment of tumor cells, basement membrane breakdown, migration, intravasation and survival in the circulation. At suitable distant niches, tumor cells reattach, extravasate and establish themselves by proliferating and attracting vascularization to fuel metastatic growth. These processes are facilitated by extensive cross-communication of tumor cells with cells in the primary tumor microenvironment (TME) as well as at distant pre-metastatic niches. A vital part of this communication network are small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes) with a size of 30-150 nm. Tumor-derived sEVs educate recipient cells with bioactive cargos, such as proteins, and in particular, major nucleic acid classes, to drive tumor growth, cell motility, angiogenesis, immune evasion and formation of pre-metastatic niches. Circulating sEVs are also utilized as biomarker platforms for diagnosis and prognosis. This review discusses how tumor cells facilitate progression through the metastatic cascade by employing sEV-based communication and evaluates their role as biomarkers and vehicles for drug delivery.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34503190
pii: cancers13174380
doi: 10.3390/cancers13174380
pmc: PMC8431296
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Subventions
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : 288342734
Organisme : Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
ID : 380319649
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