Persistence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Multi-Faceted Player for Hepatocarcinogenesis.
HBV
HBV persistence
HCC
hepatitis B Virus
hepatocellular carcinoma
Journal
Frontiers in microbiology
ISSN: 1664-302X
Titre abrégé: Front Microbiol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101548977
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
09
03
2021
accepted:
06
07
2021
entrez:
16
9
2021
pubmed:
17
9
2021
medline:
17
9
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has a multi-dimensional effect on the host, which not only alters the dynamics of immune response but also persists in the hepatocytes to predispose oncogenic factors. The virus exists in multiple forms of which the nuclear localized covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the most stable and the primary reason for viral persistence even after clearance of surface antigen and viral DNA. The second reason is the existence of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) containing virion particles. On the other hand, the integration of the viral genome in the host chromosome also leads to persistent production of viral proteins along with the chromosomal instabilities. The interferon treatment or administration of nucleot(s)ide analogs leads to reduction in the viral DNA load, but the pgRNA and surface antigen clearance are a slow process and complete loss of serological HBsAg is rare. The prolonged exposure of immune cells to the viral antigens, particularly HBs antigen, in the blood circulation results in T-cell exhaustion, which disrupts immune clearance of the virus and virus-infected cells. In addition, it predisposes immune-tolerant microenvironment, which facilitates the tumor progression. Thus cccDNA, pgRNA, and HBsAg along with the viral DNA could be the therapeutic targets in the early disease stages that may improve the quality of life of chronic hepatitis B patients by impeding the progression of the disease toward hepatocellular carcinoma.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34526974
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.678537
pmc: PMC8435854
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
678537Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Ghosh, Chakraborty and Banerjee.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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