Vitamin D, respiratory infections, and chronic disease: Review of meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials.
Aged
Cardiovascular Diseases
/ epidemiology
Chronic Disease
/ prevention & control
Dietary Supplements
Fractures, Bone
/ epidemiology
Humans
Meta-Analysis as Topic
Neoplasms
/ epidemiology
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Respiratory Tract Infections
/ epidemiology
Vitamin D
/ administration & dosage
Vitamin D Deficiency
/ complications
Vitamins
bone health
chronic diseases
respiratory tract infections
vitamin D
vitamin D deficiency
Journal
Journal of internal medicine
ISSN: 1365-2796
Titre abrégé: J Intern Med
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8904841
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 2022
02 2022
Historique:
pubmed:
20
9
2021
medline:
22
2
2022
entrez:
19
9
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Observational studies have suggested associations of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) with respiratory tract infections, impaired bone health, and myriad chronic diseases. To assess potential causal relationships between vitamin D supplementation and a reduced risk of these conditions, a review of the evidence across available meta-analyses of randomized control trials (RCTs) and RCTs was performed. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from their inception to March 2021. We included only RCTs and meta-analyses of RCTs focusing on the association between vitamin D and respiratory disease, bone health, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, and cancer. A total of 107 RCTs and 62 meta-analysis of RCTs were included. Although most RCTs did not support benefits of vitamin D supplementation, suggestive evidence for benefit was found in populations at greater risk of VDD and for acute respiratory infections, fractures in institutionalized older adults, type 2 diabetes among patients with prediabetes, and cancer mortality. In contrast, no compelling evidence for benefit was found for other respiratory conditions, fractures in community-dwelling adults, falls, cancer incidence, or CVD. Current evidence from RCTs and meta-analyses of RCTs is inconsistent regarding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on respiratory infections and chronic diseases. Individuals most likely to benefit are those with baseline VDD or with selected high-risk conditions. Public health initiatives are needed to eliminate VDD globally, and future research will be enhanced by a 'precision prevention' approach to identify those most likely to benefit from vitamin D supplementation.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Observational studies have suggested associations of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) with respiratory tract infections, impaired bone health, and myriad chronic diseases.
OBJECTIVE
To assess potential causal relationships between vitamin D supplementation and a reduced risk of these conditions, a review of the evidence across available meta-analyses of randomized control trials (RCTs) and RCTs was performed.
METHOD
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from their inception to March 2021. We included only RCTs and meta-analyses of RCTs focusing on the association between vitamin D and respiratory disease, bone health, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes mellitus, and cancer.
RESULTS
A total of 107 RCTs and 62 meta-analysis of RCTs were included. Although most RCTs did not support benefits of vitamin D supplementation, suggestive evidence for benefit was found in populations at greater risk of VDD and for acute respiratory infections, fractures in institutionalized older adults, type 2 diabetes among patients with prediabetes, and cancer mortality. In contrast, no compelling evidence for benefit was found for other respiratory conditions, fractures in community-dwelling adults, falls, cancer incidence, or CVD.
CONCLUSIONS
Current evidence from RCTs and meta-analyses of RCTs is inconsistent regarding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on respiratory infections and chronic diseases. Individuals most likely to benefit are those with baseline VDD or with selected high-risk conditions. Public health initiatives are needed to eliminate VDD globally, and future research will be enhanced by a 'precision prevention' approach to identify those most likely to benefit from vitamin D supplementation.
Substances chimiques
Vitamins
0
Vitamin D
1406-16-2
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
141-164Subventions
Organisme : NCCIH NIH HHS
ID : R01 AT011729
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCI NIH HHS
ID : R01 CA138962
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Association for the Publication of the Journal of Internal Medicine.
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