Evolution of pathogen tolerance and emerging infections: A missing experimental paradigm.
coevolution
evolutionary biology
immunology
inflammation
pathogen tolerance
spillover
zoonotic diseases
Journal
eLife
ISSN: 2050-084X
Titre abrégé: Elife
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101579614
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
21 09 2021
21 09 2021
Historique:
received:
31
03
2021
accepted:
23
08
2021
entrez:
21
9
2021
pubmed:
22
9
2021
medline:
21
10
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Researchers worldwide are repeatedly warning us against future zoonotic diseases resulting from humankind's insurgence into natural ecosystems. The same zoonotic pathogens that cause severe infections in a human host frequently fail to produce any disease outcome in their natural hosts. What precise features of the immune system enable natural reservoirs to carry these pathogens so efficiently? To understand these effects, we highlight the importance of tracing the evolutionary basis of pathogen tolerance in reservoir hosts, while drawing implications from their diverse physiological and life-history traits, and ecological contexts of host-pathogen interactions. Long-term co-evolution might allow reservoir hosts to modulate immunity and evolve tolerance to zoonotic pathogens, increasing their circulation and infectious period. Such processes can also create a genetically diverse pathogen pool by allowing more mutations and genetic exchanges between circulating strains, thereby harboring rare alive-on-arrival variants with extended infectivity to new hosts (i.e., spillover). Finally, we end by underscoring the indispensability of a large multidisciplinary empirical framework to explore the proposed link between evolved tolerance, pathogen prevalence, and spillover in the wild.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34544548
doi: 10.7554/eLife.68874
pii: 68874
pmc: PMC8455132
doi:
pii:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Subventions
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : DBT-Wellcome Trust India Alliance
ID : IA/I/20/1/504930
Pays : India
Informations de copyright
© 2021, Seal et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
SS, IK None, GD none
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