Biologia futura: animal testing in drug development-the past, the present and the future.
3D organoid culture
Animal experiments
Drug development
Gene modifications
In silico prediction
Phenotype analysis
Transgenesis
Journal
Biologia futura
ISSN: 2676-8607
Titre abrégé: Biol Futur
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101738236
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Dec 2020
Dec 2020
Historique:
received:
06
01
2020
accepted:
04
10
2020
entrez:
23
9
2021
pubmed:
24
9
2021
medline:
27
1
2022
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Animal experiments have served to improve our knowledge on diseases and treatment approaches since ancient times. Today, animal experiments are widely used in medical, biomedical and veterinary research, and are essential means of drug development and preclinical testing, including toxicology and safety studies. Recently, great efforts have been made to replace animal experiments with in vitro organoid culture methods and in silico predictions, in agreement with the 3R strategy to "reduce, refine and replace" animals in experimental testing, as outlined by the European Commission. Here we present a mini-review on the development of animal testing, as well as on alternative in vitro and in silico methods, that may at least partly replace animal experiments in the near future.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34554463
doi: 10.1007/s42977-020-00050-4
pii: 10.1007/s42977-020-00050-4
doi:
Types de publication
Historical Article
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
443-452Informations de copyright
© 2020. The Author(s).
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