Use of thoracic ultrasound on Scottish dairy cattle farms to support the diagnosis and treatment of bovine respiratory disease in calves.
Journal
The Veterinary record
ISSN: 2042-7670
Titre abrégé: Vet Rec
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0031164
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Feb 2022
Feb 2022
Historique:
revised:
16
08
2021
received:
19
05
2021
accepted:
28
08
2021
pubmed:
24
9
2021
medline:
8
3
2022
entrez:
23
9
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is common in cattle youngstock on UK dairy farms. The current diagnostic methods lack sensitivity and specificity. Thoracic ultrasound (TUS) is a relatively new BRD diagnostic tool with increased accuracy. Data were collected from TUS examinations of 347 calves on Scottish dairy farms and compared to farmer BRD treatment rates. A calf health scoring tool was used to collect information on youngstock health and management on these farms. Of 347 ultrasonographic examinations, 53 (15.3%) were classified as abnormal and 294 (84.7%) as normal. Of the 53 calves classified as abnormal, only 13 (24.5%) were treated by the farmer; however, of the 294 classified as normal, 22 (7.5%) were treated. The results indicated farmers were misdiagnosing BRD in youngstock. Use of TUS on UK farms may improve diagnostic rates and accuracy, reduce the unnecessary use of antimicrobials and demonstrate the value of preventive healthcare programmes.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is common in cattle youngstock on UK dairy farms. The current diagnostic methods lack sensitivity and specificity. Thoracic ultrasound (TUS) is a relatively new BRD diagnostic tool with increased accuracy.
METHOD
METHODS
Data were collected from TUS examinations of 347 calves on Scottish dairy farms and compared to farmer BRD treatment rates. A calf health scoring tool was used to collect information on youngstock health and management on these farms.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Of 347 ultrasonographic examinations, 53 (15.3%) were classified as abnormal and 294 (84.7%) as normal. Of the 53 calves classified as abnormal, only 13 (24.5%) were treated by the farmer; however, of the 294 classified as normal, 22 (7.5%) were treated.
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicated farmers were misdiagnosing BRD in youngstock. Use of TUS on UK farms may improve diagnostic rates and accuracy, reduce the unnecessary use of antimicrobials and demonstrate the value of preventive healthcare programmes.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e939Subventions
Organisme : MSD Animal Health
Informations de copyright
© 2021 MSD Animal Health. Veterinary Record published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Veterinary Association.
Références
Baxter-Smith K, Simpson R. OPEN ACCESS: insights into UK farmers’ attitudes towards cattle youngstock rearing and disease. Livestock. 2020;25(6):274-81.
Wathes DC, Brickell JS, Bourne NE, Swali A, Cheng Z. Factors influencing heifer survival and fertility on commercial dairy farms. Animal. 2008;2(8):1135-43.
Johnson KF, Chancellor N, Burn CC, Wathes DC. Prospective cohort study to assess rates of contagious disease in pre-weaned UK dairy heifers: management practices, passive transfer of immunity and associated calf health. Vet Rec Open [Internet]. 2017;4(1):e000226. https://doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2017-000226
Andrews AH. Calf pneumonia costs! Cattle Pract. 2000;8(2):109-14.
Cramer MC, Ollivett TL. Growth of preweaned, group-housed dairy calves diagnosed with respiratory disease using clinical respiratory scoring and thoracic ultrasound-a cohort study. J Dairy Sci. 2019;102(5):4322.
Dunn TR, Ollivett TL, Renaud DL, Leslie KE, LeBlanc SJ, Duffield TF, et al. The effect of lung consolidation, as determined by ultrasonography, on first-lactation milk production in Holstein dairy calves. J Dairy Sci. 2018;101(6):5404-10.
Schneider MJ, Tait RG, Busby WD, Reecy JM. An evaluation of bovine respiratory disease complex in feedlot cattle: impact on performance and carcass traits using treatment records and lung lesion scores. J Anim Sci. 2009;87(5):1821-7.
Pardon B, Buczinski S, Deprez PR. Accuracy and inter-rater reliability of lung auscultation by bovine practitioners when compared with ultrasonographic findings. Vet Rec. 2019;185(4):109.
White BJ, Renter DG. Bayesian estimation of the performance of using clinical observations and harvest lung lesions for diagnosing bovine respiratory disease in post-weaned beef calves. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2009;21(4):446-53.
Timsit E. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical illness for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) diagnosis in beef cattle placed in feedlots: a systematic literature review and hierarchical Bayesian latent-class meta-analysis. Prev Vet Med. 2016;135:67-73.
McGuirk SM, Peek SF. Timely diagnosis of dairy calf respiratory disease using a standardized scoring system. Anim Health Res Rev. 2014;15(2):145-7.
Buczinski SL, Ollivett T, Dendukuri N. Bayesian estimation of the accuracy of the calf respiratory scoring chart and ultrasonography for the diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves. Prev Vet Med. 2015;119(3-4):227-31.
Ollivett TL, Buczinski S. On-farm use of ultrasonography for bovine respiratory disease. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2016;32(1):19-35.
Buczinski S, Menard J, Timsit E. Incremental value (Bayesian Framework) of thoracic ultrasonography over thoracic auscultation for diagnosis of bronchopneumonia in preweaned dairy calves. J Vet Intern Med. 2016;30(4):1396-401.
The R Project for Statistical Computing [Internet]. The R Foundation. [cited 2020 Dec 24]. Available from: https://www.r-project.org/
Kuznetsova A, Brockhoff PB, Christensen RHB. lmerTest Package: tests in linear mixed effects models. J Stat Softw. 2017;82(13):38790. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v082.i13
Atkinson DJ, von Keyserlingk MAG, Weary DM. Benchmarking passive transfer of immunity and growth in dairy calves. J Dairy Sci. 2017;100(5):3773-82.