New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations to Estimate GFR without Race.

Adult Aged Algorithms Black People Creatinine / blood Cystatin C / blood Datasets as Topic Female Glomerular Filtration Rate Humans Male Middle Aged Racial Groups Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / blood United States / epidemiology

Journal

The New England journal of medicine
ISSN: 1533-4406
Titre abrégé: N Engl J Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0255562

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
04 11 2021
Historique:
pubmed: 24 9 2021
medline: 20 11 2021
entrez: 23 9 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Current equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) that use serum creatinine or cystatin C incorporate age, sex, and race to estimate measured GFR. However, race in eGFR equations is a social and not a biologic construct. We developed new eGFR equations without race using data from two development data sets: 10 studies (8254 participants, 31.5% Black) for serum creatinine and 13 studies (5352 participants, 39.7% Black) for both serum creatinine and cystatin C. In a validation data set of 12 studies (4050 participants, 14.3% Black), we compared the accuracy of new eGFR equations to measured GFR. We projected the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and GFR stages in a sample of U.S. adults, using current and new equations. In the validation data set, the current creatinine equation that uses age, sex, and race overestimated measured GFR in Blacks (median, 3.7 ml per minute per 1.73 m New eGFR equations that incorporate creatinine and cystatin C but omit race are more accurate and led to smaller differences between Black participants and non-Black participants than new equations without race with either creatinine or cystatin C alone. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.).

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
Current equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) that use serum creatinine or cystatin C incorporate age, sex, and race to estimate measured GFR. However, race in eGFR equations is a social and not a biologic construct.
METHODS
We developed new eGFR equations without race using data from two development data sets: 10 studies (8254 participants, 31.5% Black) for serum creatinine and 13 studies (5352 participants, 39.7% Black) for both serum creatinine and cystatin C. In a validation data set of 12 studies (4050 participants, 14.3% Black), we compared the accuracy of new eGFR equations to measured GFR. We projected the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and GFR stages in a sample of U.S. adults, using current and new equations.
RESULTS
In the validation data set, the current creatinine equation that uses age, sex, and race overestimated measured GFR in Blacks (median, 3.7 ml per minute per 1.73 m
CONCLUSIONS
New eGFR equations that incorporate creatinine and cystatin C but omit race are more accurate and led to smaller differences between Black participants and non-Black participants than new equations without race with either creatinine or cystatin C alone. (Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.).

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2102953 PMID: 34554658 PMC: PMC8822996
pubmed: 34554658
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2102953
pmc: PMC8822996
mid: NIHMS1763303
doi:

Substances chimiques

CST3 protein, human 0
Cystatin C 0
Creatinine AYI8EX34EU

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1737-1749

Subventions

Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01DK061021
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1-TR-002556
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR000165
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : P20 GM109036
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : R01 DK113111
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK053869
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR003096
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : RR033179
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : R01 DK116790
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1TR000003
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : N01-HC-95159
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCRR NIH HHS
ID : RR00585
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK094176
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : TR000165
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : N01-HC-95166
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1-TR-001422
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : 1R01DK116790
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : N01-DK-6-2285
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : N01-DK-7-2291
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : DK056956
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1-TR-002319-02
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1TR000439
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : R01-DK082447
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : P30-DK-020572
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1-TR-001420
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01DK060980
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCRR NIH HHS
ID : RR000032
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR002538
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : R34-DK-097808
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : N01-HC-95160
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK060963
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01DK060902
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : TR000005
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01DK060984
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : N01-HC-95167
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCRR NIH HHS
ID : RR23940
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 RR029887
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : HL146240
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : DK106912
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK35073
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : TR001417
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01DK060990
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : M01 RR-16500
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : R01 DK097020
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : N01-HC-95163
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : R03-DK-094484
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : P30-AG-02482
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK061022
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : P30 DK036836
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : RR025777
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : HL146333
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : P30-AG-08808
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : DK056957
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR-000424
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : TR000454
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1-TR-001079
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : N01-HC-95168
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 RR025752
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : R01DK097020
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : TR000135
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : R01DK119199
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMHD NIH HHS
ID : M01 RR00071
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : UC4-DK-101108
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : T32 DK07013
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : DK090728
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : N01-HC-95162
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : UL1-TR-002494
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1-TR-002319
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01DK061022
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : RR025008
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK066013
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCRR NIH HHS
ID : RR000039
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : DK51975
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : N01-HC-95164
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR002556
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : HL146193
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK094157
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : TR000001
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01DK060963
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01 DK045388
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : N01-HC-95165
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : RR024153
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U24DK060990
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR001417
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : DK056961
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : HL146208
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1-TR-001105
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1TR000433
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1RR029879
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 RR025777
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : P30-DK-036836
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : RR024150
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : DK056943
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1 TR002544
Pays : United States
Organisme : NCATS NIH HHS
ID : UL1-TR-000040
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : HL146201
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : U01DK061028
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : N01-HC-95169
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : N01-HC-95161
Pays : United States

Investigateurs

Margret B Andresdottir (MB)
Hrefna Gudmundsdottir (H)
Olafur S Indridason (OS)
Runolfur Palsson (R)
Bertram Kasiske (B)
Matthew Weir (M)
Todd Pesavento (T)
Roberto Kalil (R)
Harold Feldman (H)
Amanda Anderson (A)
Alan Go (A)
Chi-Yuan Hsu (CY)
Arlene B Chapman (AB)
Douglas P Landsittel (DP)
Michal Mrug (M)
Alan S L Yu (ASL)
Michael Steffes (M)
Barbara H Braffett (BH)
Christina Wyatt (C)
Zipporah Krishnasami (Z)
James Hellinger (J)
Alison Abraham (A)
John C Lieske (JC)
Tariq Shafi (T)
Wendy Post (W)
Peter Rossing (P)
Jerome Rossert (J)
Benedicte Stengel (B)
Andrzej Galecki (A)
Catherine Spino (C)
Michael Mauer (M)
Amy Karger (A)
Bernard Zinman (B)
Ronald Klein (R)
Hans-Henrik Parving (HH)
Helen C Looker (HC)
William C Knowler (WC)
Goran B Klintmalm (GB)
Ruben Velez (R)
Elizabeth Selvin (E)
Dan Wang (D)

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn
Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2021 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Références

Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2017 Mar 1;32(3):497-507
pubmed: 28089986
N Engl J Med. 2021 Nov 4;385(19):1750-1760
pubmed: 34554660
JAMA. 2020 Aug 25;324(8):737-738
pubmed: 32761164
Clin Chem. 2014 Jul;60(7):974-86
pubmed: 24829272
N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 5;367(1):20-9
pubmed: 22762315
N Engl J Med. 2006 Jun 8;354(23):2473-83
pubmed: 16760447
J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021 Jun 1;32(6):1454-1463
pubmed: 33958490
J Gen Intern Med. 2021 Feb;36(2):464-471
pubmed: 33063202
Kidney Int. 2013 Sep;84(3):622-3
pubmed: 23989362
JAMA Intern Med. 2020 May 1;180(5):793-795
pubmed: 32176270
JAMA. 2019 Jul 9;322(2):113-114
pubmed: 31169890
JAMA. 2007 Nov 7;298(17):2038-47
pubmed: 17986697
Am J Kidney Dis. 2017 Oct;70(4):587-589
pubmed: 28552371
Clin Chem. 2021 Jan 30;67(2):425-433
pubmed: 33257944
Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2011 May;71(3):232-9
pubmed: 21391777
Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2018 Jan;25(1):7-13
pubmed: 29499890
J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020 Aug;31(8):1847-1858
pubmed: 32660971
N Engl J Med. 2021 Feb 4;384(5):396-399
pubmed: 33406354
Am J Kidney Dis. 2001 Oct;38(4):744-53
pubmed: 11576877
Am J Kidney Dis. 2013 Feb;61(2):353-4
pubmed: 23177702
Am J Kidney Dis. 2014 Sep;64(3):411-24
pubmed: 24840668
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2016 May;31(5):798-806
pubmed: 26932693
Ann Intern Med. 2021 Feb;174(2):265-267
pubmed: 33166223
Ann Intern Med. 2009 May 5;150(9):604-12
pubmed: 19414839
Am J Kidney Dis. 2013 Jul;62(1):182-4
pubmed: 23608543
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020 Aug 7;15(8):1203-1212
pubmed: 32393465
Am J Kidney Dis. 2021 May;77(5):673-683.e1
pubmed: 33301877
Am J Kidney Dis. 2019 Mar;73(3 Suppl 1):A7-A8
pubmed: 30798791
Am J Kidney Dis. 2007 Dec;50(6):918-26
pubmed: 18037092
Kidney Int. 2011 Mar;79(5):555-62
pubmed: 21107446
Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020 Jan;16(1):51-64
pubmed: 31527790
N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 27;383(9):874-882
pubmed: 32853499
Ann Intern Med. 2021 Feb;174(2):183-191
pubmed: 33166224

Auteurs

Lesley A Inker (LA)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).
ORCID: 0000-0003-2820-9482

Nwamaka D Eneanya (ND)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).
ORCID: 0000-0002-0508-3410

Josef Coresh (J)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Hocine Tighiouart (H)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Dan Wang (D)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Yingying Sang (Y)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Deidra C Crews (DC)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Alessandro Doria (A)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Michelle M Estrella (MM)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Marc Froissart (M)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).
ORCID: 0000-0002-4010-3173

Morgan E Grams (ME)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Tom Greene (T)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Anders Grubb (A)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Vilmundur Gudnason (V)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Orlando M Gutiérrez (OM)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Roberto Kalil (R)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Amy B Karger (AB)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).
ORCID: 0000-0002-2781-3824

Michael Mauer (M)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Gerjan Navis (G)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Robert G Nelson (RG)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Emilio D Poggio (ED)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Roger Rodby (R)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Peter Rossing (P)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).
ORCID: 0000-0002-1531-4294

Andrew D Rule (AD)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Elizabeth Selvin (E)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).
ORCID: 0000-0001-6923-7151

Jesse C Seegmiller (JC)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Michael G Shlipak (MG)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Vicente E Torres (VE)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Wei Yang (W)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Shoshana H Ballew (SH)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Sara J Couture (SJ)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Neil R Powe (NR)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Andrew S Levey (AS)

From the Division of Nephrology (L.A.I., S.J.C., A.S.L.) and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (H.T.), Tufts Medical Center, Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University (H.T.), the Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center (A.D.), and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School (A.D.) - all in Boston; the Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine (N.D.E.), and the Departments of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (W.Y.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (J.C., D.W., Y.S., M.E.G., E.S., S.H.B.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (D.C.C., M.E.G.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Maryland School of Medicine (R.K.) - all in Baltimore; the Kidney Health Research Collaborative, San Francisco Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E., M.G.S.), the Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (M.M.E.), and the Department of Medicine, Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco (N.R.P.) - all in San Francisco; the Clinical Trial Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (M.F.); the Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City (T.G.); the Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (A.G.); the Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, and the Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur - both in Iceland (V.G.); the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (O.M.G.); the Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.B.K., J.C.S.), Pediatrics (M.M.), and Medicine (M.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (A.D.R., V.E.T.) - all in Minnesota; the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.N.); the Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ (R.G.N.); the Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (E.D.P.); Rush University Medical Center, Chicago (R.R.); and Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen - both in Copenhagen (P.R.).

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female

Evaluation of Low-Value Services Across Major Medicare Advantage Insurers and Traditional Medicare.

Ciara Duggan, Adam L Beckman, Ishani Ganguli et al.
1.00
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C

Effectiveness of Virtual Yoga for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Hallie Tankha, Devyn Gaskins, Amanda Shallcross et al.
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Sujet âgé › New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations...
questionsmedicales.fr › Sciences de l'information › Méthodologies informatiques › Algorithmes › New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Noirs › New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations...
questionsmedicales.fr › Composés hétérocycliques › Composés hétéromonocycliques › Azoles › Imidazoles › Créatinine › New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations...
questionsmedicales.fr › Acides aminés, peptides et protéines › Protéines › Cystatines › Cystatine C › New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations...
questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Méthodes épidémiologiques › Collecte de données › Jeux de données comme sujet › New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes physiologiques des appareils urinaire et reproducteur › Phénomènes physiologiques des voies urinaires › Débit de filtration glomérulaire › New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Adulte d'âge moyen › New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Nord-Américains › Groupes de population aux États-Unis › Populations d'origine continentale › New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations...
questionsmedicales.fr › États, signes et symptômes pathologiques › Processus pathologiques › Caractéristiques de la maladie › Maladie chronique › Insuffisance rénale chronique › New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations...
questionsmedicales.fr › Régions géographiques › Amériques › Amérique du Nord › États-Unis › New Creatinine- and Cystatin C-Based Equations...