The effect of creatine ingestion on urinary creatinine concentration: Does supplementation mask a heavy dilution?
creatine supplementation
creatinine
dilution
drug test
urine
Journal
Drug testing and analysis
ISSN: 1942-7611
Titre abrégé: Drug Test Anal
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101483449
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Jan 2022
Jan 2022
Historique:
revised:
03
09
2021
received:
27
07
2021
accepted:
15
09
2021
pubmed:
25
9
2021
medline:
24
3
2022
entrez:
24
9
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
A high volume of fluid can strongly reduce a drug's concentration in urine. Therefore, to detect diluted samples, the concentration of creatinine in urine is determined during testing drugs of abuse. If the concentration is below 20 mg creatinine/dl urine, the urine sample is usually rejected for drug testing. It should be examined whether creatine or creatinine ingestion can mask urine dilution by increasing the creatinine concentration. A total of 18 subjects drank 1.3 L of water and 0.2 L of orange juice on each of the three testing days: (1) without creatine, (2) with 20 g of creatine, and (3) with 20 g of creatine following incubation for 4 days in orange juice at room temperature; an acidic environment should promote conversion of creatine to creatinine. The lowest creatinine concentrations in urine were observed on average 2 h after fluid intake. At that time, ingestion of fluid without creatine, with creatine, and with creatine(ine)-orange juice mixture resulted in mean values of 11.6, 22.5, and 28.3 mg creatinine/dl urine, respectively. It can be concluded that ingestion of creatine or creatinine can increase the concentration of creatinine in urine and thus mask dilution of a sample. The conversion of creatine in orange juice further increases availability of creatinine as it is obvious from urine creatinine concentration. Therefore, creatine ingestion during drug testing will give rise to negative results due to matrix adulteration. In a case of suspected creatine supplementation, the creatine content of the sample should be determined in addition to creatinine.
Substances chimiques
Water
059QF0KO0R
Creatinine
AYI8EX34EU
Creatine
MU72812GK0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Validation Study
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
162-168Informations de copyright
© 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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