HIV-Proteins-Associated CNS Neurotoxicity, Their Mediators, and Alternative Treatments.
Brain
HIV proteins
Neurodegeneration
Neurotoxicity
Spinal cord
Journal
Cellular and molecular neurobiology
ISSN: 1573-6830
Titre abrégé: Cell Mol Neurobiol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8200709
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2022
Nov 2022
Historique:
received:
23
04
2021
accepted:
19
09
2021
pubmed:
26
9
2021
medline:
18
10
2022
entrez:
25
9
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people's livelihoods are gradually being prolonged with the use of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART). Conversely, despite viral suppression by ART, the symptoms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) endure. HAND persists because ART cannot really permanently confiscate the virus from the body. HAND encompasses a variety of conditions based on clinical presentation and severity level, comprising asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment, moderate neurocognitive disorder, and HIV-associated dementia. During the early stages of HIV infection, inflammation compromises the blood-brain barrier, allowing toxic virus, infected monocytes, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, and cellular products from the bloodstream to enter the brain and eventually the entire central nervous system. Since there are no resident T-lymphocytes in the brain, the virus will live for decades in macrophages and astrocytes, establishing a reservoir of infection. The HIV proteins then inflame neurons both directly and indirectly. The purpose of this review is to provide a synopsis of the effects of these proteins on the central nervous system and conceptualize avenues to be considered in mitigating HAND. We used bioinformatics repositories extensively to simulate the transcription factors that bind to the promoter of the HIV-1 protein and possibly could be used as a target to circumvent HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. In the same vein, a protein-protein interaction complex was also deduced from a Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes. In conclusion, this provides an alternative strategy that could be used to avert HAND.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34562223
doi: 10.1007/s10571-021-01151-x
pii: 10.1007/s10571-021-01151-x
doi:
Substances chimiques
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins
0
Transcription Factors
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2553-2569Subventions
Organisme : national natural science foundation of china
ID : NSFC8187108
Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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