Computational study for temperature distribution in ArF excimer laser corneal refractive surgeries using different beam delivery techniques.
Excimer laser
Finite element method
Heat transfer
Laser refractive surgery
Journal
Lasers in medical science
ISSN: 1435-604X
Titre abrégé: Lasers Med Sci
Pays: England
ID NLM: 8611515
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Apr 2022
Apr 2022
Historique:
received:
10
08
2020
accepted:
13
09
2021
pubmed:
27
9
2021
medline:
5
4
2022
entrez:
26
9
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Refractive errors are the most common causes of vision impairment worldwide and laser refractive surgery is one of the most frequently performed ocular surgeries. Clinical studies have reported that approximately 10.5% of patients need an additional procedure after the surgery. The major complications of laser surgery are over/under correction and dry eye. An increase in temperature may be a cause for these complications. The purpose of this study was to estimate the increase in temperature during laser refractive surgery and its relationship with the complications observed for different surgical techniques. In this paper, a finite element model was applied to investigate the temperature distribution of the cornea when subjected to ArF excimer laser at a single spot using various beam delivery systems (broad beam, scanning slit, and flying spot). The Pennes bio-heat equation was used to predict the temperature values at different laser pulse energies and frequencies. The maximum temperature increase by ArF laser ([Formula: see text] frequency and [Formula: see text] pulse energy) at a single spot was [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] diopter correction ([Formula: see text] of ablation of corneal stroma) using broad beam, scanning slit, and flying spot beam delivery approaches respectively. The peak temperature due to a single pulse was estimated to be [Formula: see text]. Although the peak temperature (sufficient energy to break intermolecular bonds) exists for a very short time ([Formula: see text]) compared to the thermal relaxation time ([Formula: see text]), there is some thermal energy exchange between corneal tissues during a laser refractive surgery. Heating may cause collagen denaturation, collagen shrinkage, and more evaporation and hence proposed to be a risk factor for over/under correction and dry eye.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34564765
doi: 10.1007/s10103-021-03420-z
pii: 10.1007/s10103-021-03420-z
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1709-1716Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
Références
Abusharha AA, Pearce EI, Fagehi R (2016) Effect of ambient temperature on the human tear film. Eye Contact Lens: Sci Clin Pract 42:308–312. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICL.0000000000000210
doi: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000210
Dumbleton K, Caffery B, Dogru M et al (2013) The TFOS International Workshop on Contact Lens Discomfort: report of the subcommittee on epidemiology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:20–36. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.13-13125
doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-13125
Kim T, Jorge LB, Wilkins M et al (2019) Refractive surgery. Lancet 393:2085–2098. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33209-4
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33209-4
pubmed: 31106754
Kandel H, Khadka J, Lundström M et al (2017) Questionnaires for measuring refractive surgery outcomes. J Refract Surg 33:416–424. https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20170310-01
doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20170310-01
pubmed: 28586503
Taneri S, Zieske JD, Azar DT (2004) Evolution, techniques, clinical outcomes and pathophysiology of LASEK: review of literature. Surv Ophthalmol 49:576–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2004.08.003
doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2004.08.003
pubmed: 15530945
Ambrósio R Jr, Wilson SE (2003) LASIK vs LASEK vs PRK: Advantages and indications. Semin Ophthalmol 18:2–10. https://doi.org/10.1076/soph.18.1.2.14074
doi: 10.1076/soph.18.1.2.14074
pubmed: 12759854
Shoja MR, Besharati MR (2007) Dry eye after LASIK for myopia: incidence and risk factors. Eur J Ophthalmol 17:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/112067210701700101
doi: 10.1177/112067210701700101
pubmed: 17294376
Shtein RM (2011) Post-LASIK dry eye. Exp Rev Ophthalmol 6:575–582. https://doi.org/10.1586/EOP.11.56
doi: 10.1586/EOP.11.56
Rahbar S, Shokooh-Saremi M (2018) Mathematical modeling of laser linear thermal effects on the anterior layer of the human eye. Opt Laser Technol 99:72–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.09.033
doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.09.033
Cvetkovic M, Poljak D, Peratta A (2008) Thermal modeling of the human eye exposed to laser radiation. 16th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks, pp 16–20
Ng EYK, Tan JH, Acharya UR, Suri JS (2012) Human eye imaging and modeling. CRC Press
doi: 10.1201/b12081
Amara EH (1995) Numerical investigations on thermal effects of laser-ocular media interaction. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 38:2479–2488. https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(94)00353-W
doi: 10.1016/0017-9310(94)00353-W
Narasimhan A, Jha KK, Gopal L (2009) Transient simulations of heat transfer in human eye undergoing laser surgery. Int J Heat Mass Transfer 53:482–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.09.007
doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.09.007
Cvetkovic M, Poljak D, Peratta A (2011) FETD computation of the temperature distribution induced into a human eye by a pulsed laser. Prog in Electromagnetics 120:403–421. https://doi.org/10.2528/PIER11080405
doi: 10.2528/PIER11080405
Ooi EH, Ang WT, Ng EYK (2008) A boundary element model of the human eye undergoing laser thermokeratoplasty. Comp Biol Med 28:727–738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2008.04.003
doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2008.04.003
Pustovalov VK, Jean B (2006) Theoretical investigations of the processes of laser interaction with ocular tissue for laser applications in ophthalmology. Laser Phys 16:1145–1160. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054660X06080019
doi: 10.1134/S1054660X06080019
Pidro A, Biscevic A, Pjano MA, Mravicic I, Bejdic N, Bohac M (2019) Excimer lasers in refractive surgery. Acta Inf Med 27:278–283. https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2019.27.278-283
doi: 10.5455/aim.2019.27.278-283
Pajic B, Cvejic Z, Massa H (2020) Laser vision correction for regular myopia and supracor presbyopia: a comparison study. Appl Sci 10:873. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10030873
doi: 10.3390/app10030873
Svedberg H, Chen E, Nystrom HH (2005) Changes in corneal thickness and curvature after different excimer laser photorefractive procedures and their impact on intraocular pressure measurements. Grafe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 243:1218–1220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-005-0072-x
doi: 10.1007/s00417-005-0072-x
Gokul KC, Gurung DB (2019) Mathematical model: thermal effects of two wheeler rider’s speed in his/her eye. J Math Sci Model 2:143–154. https://doi.org/10.33187/jmsm.500819
doi: 10.33187/jmsm.500819
Pennes HH (1998) Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting human forearm. J Appl Physiol 85:5–34. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1948.1.2.93
doi: 10.1152/jappl.1948.1.2.93
pubmed: 9714612
Shibib KS (2013) Finite element analysis of cornea thermal damage due to pulse incidental far IR laser. Lasers Med Sci 28:871–877. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1168-2
doi: 10.1007/s10103-012-1168-2
pubmed: 22855381
Gurung DB, Gokul KC, Adhikary PR (2016) Mathematical model of thermal effects of blinking in human eye. Int J Bio-Mathematics 9:1650006. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793524516500066
doi: 10.1142/S1793524516500066
Gokul KC, Gurung DB, Adhikari PR (2015) Mathematical model: comparative study of thermal effects of laser in corneal refractive surgeries. Appl Appl Math 10:620–633
Ortueta DD, Magnago T, Triefenbach N et al (2012) In vivo measurement of thermal load during ablation in high speed laser corneal refractive surgery. J Refract Surg 28:53–58. https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20110906-01
doi: 10.3928/1081597X-20110906-01
pubmed: 21913631
Fisher BT, Hahn DW (2011) Real time measurement of ArF excimer laser corneal tissue ablation rates using cross – correlation of laser waveforms. Opt Express 19:4321–4341. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.004231
doi: 10.1364/OE.19.004231
Pettit GH, Ediger MN (1996) Corneal – tissue absorption coefficients for 193 and 213nm ultraviolet radiation. Appl Opt 35:3386–3391. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.35.003386
doi: 10.1364/AO.35.003386
pubmed: 21102726
Voke J (2008) Occupational vision hazards: infrared radiation and the eye. Optom Today 48:40–43
Hojlo MM, Berkowska PK, Bator AH (2007) Therapeutic application of lasers in ophthalmology. Adv Clin Exp Med 16:801–805
Yu EYW, Jackson WB (1999) Recent advances in refractive surgery. CMAJ 160:1329–1337
pubmed: 10333840
pmcid: 1230320
Ortueta D, von Rüden D, Magnago T, Arba Mosquera S (2014) Influence of stromal refractive index and hydration on corneal laser refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 40:897–904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.07.050
doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.07.050
pubmed: 24373375
Iwata S, Lemp MA, Holly FJ, Dohlman CH (1969) Evaporation rate of water from the precorneal tear film and cornea in the rabbit. IOVS 8:613–619
Kandel H, Khadka J, Shrestha MK et al (2018) Uncorrected and corrected refractive error experiences of Nepalese adults: a qualitative study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 25:147–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2017.1376338
doi: 10.1080/09286586.2017.1376338
pubmed: 28985110
Kandel H, Khadka J, Goggin M, Pesudovs K (2017) Impact of refractive error on quality of life: a qualitative study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 45:677–688. https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12954
doi: 10.1111/ceo.12954
pubmed: 28370795
Codina MC, Morgan P, Efron N (2001) Thermal consequences of photorefractive keratectomy. Cornea 20:509–515. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003226-200107000-00014
doi: 10.1097/00003226-200107000-00014
Morchen M, Schelling U, Wuellner C, Donitzky C (2009) Effect of time sequences in scanning algorithms on the surface temperature during corneal laser surgery with high repetition rate excimer laser. J Cataract Refrect Surg 35:738–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.12.034
doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2008.12.034
Betney S, Morgan PB, Doyle SJ, Efron N (1997) Corneal temperature changes during photorefractive keratectomy. Cornea 16:158–161
pubmed: 9071528
doi: 10.1097/00003226-199703000-00007