Pediatric COVID-19: Immunopathogenesis, Transmission and Prevention.
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
immunopathogenesis
multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)
pediatric
Journal
Vaccines
ISSN: 2076-393X
Titre abrégé: Vaccines (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101629355
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
08 Sep 2021
08 Sep 2021
Historique:
received:
08
08
2021
revised:
31
08
2021
accepted:
01
09
2021
entrez:
28
9
2021
pubmed:
29
9
2021
medline:
29
9
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Children are unique in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 has a lower medical impact in children as compared to adults. A higher proportion of children than adults remain asymptomatic following SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease and death are also less common. This relative resistance contrasts with the high susceptibility of children to other respiratory tract infections. The mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood but could include the rapid development of a robust innate immune response. On the other hand, children develop a unique and severe complication, named multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, several weeks after the onset of symptoms. Although children play an important role in the transmission of many pathogens, their contribution to the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 appears lower than that of adults. These unique aspects of COVID-19 in children must be considered in the benefit-risk analysis of vaccination. Several COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized for emergency use in adolescents and clinical studies are ongoing in children. As the vaccination of adolescents is rolled out in several countries, we shall learn about the impact of this strategy on the health of children and on transmission within communities.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34579240
pii: vaccines9091002
doi: 10.3390/vaccines9091002
pmc: PMC8473426
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Références
Ann Intensive Care. 2019 May 14;9(1):55
pubmed: 31089908
JCI Insight. 2021 May 10;6(9):
pubmed: 33822777
Cell Rep. 2021 Mar 16;34(11):108852
pubmed: 33730580
JAMA. 2020 Apr 7;323(13):1239-1242
pubmed: 32091533
Nat Med. 2021 Mar;27(3):546-559
pubmed: 33654293
Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Jan 7;74(1):52-58
pubmed: 33822007
J Clin Invest. 2020 Nov 2;130(11):5967-5975
pubmed: 32730233
N Engl J Med. 2021 Jul 15;385(3):239-250
pubmed: 34043894
N Engl J Med. 2020 Jul 23;383(4):334-346
pubmed: 32598831
J Med Virol. 2021 May;93(5):3077-3083
pubmed: 33547815
Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Jul;96:673-675
pubmed: 32389846
JAMA. 2020 Jul 21;324(3):259-269
pubmed: 32511692
Front Immunol. 2021 Feb 24;12:640093
pubmed: 33717193
Science. 2020 Dec 11;370(6522):1339-1343
pubmed: 33159009
Cell. 2020 Dec 10;183(6):1496-1507.e16
pubmed: 33171099
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Oct 13;117(41):25254-25262
pubmed: 32989130
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020 Dec;9(1):1254-1258
pubmed: 32515685
Cell Host Microbe. 2016 Feb 10;19(2):181-93
pubmed: 26867177
Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020 Jul;72(7):1059-1063
pubmed: 32293098
J Pediatr. 2021 Nov;238:317-320
pubmed: 34228985
Pediatrics. 2021 Jun;147(6):
pubmed: 33707197
JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Jun 1;3(6):e2010895
pubmed: 32492165
Eur J Pediatr. 2021 Nov;180(11):3335-3342
pubmed: 34023936
Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 5;71(8):1943-1946
pubmed: 32301964
Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Jun 15;72(12):2215-2217
pubmed: 32710743
Nat Commun. 2021 Apr 1;12(1):2037
pubmed: 33795692
Cell. 2021 Apr 1;184(7):1671-1692
pubmed: 33743212
J Infect. 2020 Jul;81(1):179-182
pubmed: 32283139
JAMA. 2020 Jun 16;323(23):2427-2429
pubmed: 32432657
JAMA Pediatr. 2020 Sep 1;174(9):902-903
pubmed: 32745201
Nat Commun. 2021 Jul 29;12(1):4678
pubmed: 34326343
Science. 2020 Nov 6;370(6517):691-697
pubmed: 33154136
Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Aug;20(8):911-919
pubmed: 32353347
Lancet. 2020 Aug 1;396(10247):313-319
pubmed: 32534626
Nat Med. 2021 Mar;27(3):454-462
pubmed: 33589825
Nature. 2020 Aug;584(7821):353-363
pubmed: 32659783
BMJ. 2020 Jun 3;369:m2094
pubmed: 32493739
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Apr 10;69(14):422-426
pubmed: 32271728
Nat Immunol. 2021 Jan;22(1):25-31
pubmed: 33154590
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2021 Sep;20(9):1043-1046
pubmed: 34224291
Science. 2020 Oct 23;370(6515):
pubmed: 32972995
Pediatrics. 2020 Dec;146(6):
pubmed: 32879033
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Jul 09;70(27):977-982
pubmed: 34237049
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2021 Aug 14;10(6):706-713
pubmed: 33180935
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2021 May 28;10(5):669-673
pubmed: 33263756
Lancet. 2020 May 23;395(10237):1607-1608
pubmed: 32386565
Pediatrics. 2020 Oct;146(4):
pubmed: 32665373
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Oct 6;117(40):24620-24626
pubmed: 32883878
Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 19;7(1):17842
pubmed: 29259216
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2021 Feb;5(2):133-141
pubmed: 32956615
Scand J Immunol. 2016 Apr;83(4):255-66
pubmed: 26808160
Science. 2020 Jun 26;368(6498):1481-1486
pubmed: 32350060
Cell Rep Med. 2021 Jul 20;2(7):100327
pubmed: 34124701
Cell Rep. 2020 Jun 2;31(9):107725
pubmed: 32426212
Nat Commun. 2020 Nov 11;11(1):5703
pubmed: 33177504
EBioMedicine. 2021 May;67:103357
pubmed: 33979758
Cell. 2020 Nov 12;183(4):968-981.e7
pubmed: 32966765
Sci Immunol. 2021 May 25;6(59):
pubmed: 34035116
N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 23;382(17):1663-1665
pubmed: 32187458
BMJ. 2021 Mar 17;372:n616
pubmed: 33731327
J Clin Invest. 2021 Jul 15;131(14):
pubmed: 34032635
Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Mar;135(3):455-61
pubmed: 15008978
Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Oct;99:325-327
pubmed: 32544669
Pediatr Res. 2021 Mar;89(4):733-737
pubmed: 32555539
Science. 2020 Oct 23;370(6515):
pubmed: 32972996
BMJ. 2021 Mar 18;372:n628
pubmed: 33737413
Clin Immunol. 2020 Nov;220:108588
pubmed: 32905851
JAMA. 2020 Apr 14;323(14):1335
pubmed: 32181795
J Infect. 2021 Sep;83(3):294-297
pubmed: 34302866
Nat Rev Immunol. 2005 Dec;5(12):917-27
pubmed: 16322745
Cell Host Microbe. 2020 Jun 10;27(6):870-878
pubmed: 32464097
Science. 2021 May 14;372(6543):738-741
pubmed: 33846272
Pediatrics. 2021 Apr;147(4):
pubmed: 33419869
Nature. 2021 Apr;592(7856):670-671
pubmed: 33883716
Blood. 2020 Apr 16;135(16):1332-1343
pubmed: 32107531
Sci Immunol. 2021 Mar 2;6(57):
pubmed: 33653907
J Med Virol. 2020 May;92(5):512-517
pubmed: 32073157
Lancet. 2020 Jun 6;395(10239):1771-1778
pubmed: 32410760
J Pediatr. 1992 Feb;120(2 Pt 1):216-22
pubmed: 1735817
Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Oct;26(10):2465-2468
pubmed: 32673193
JCI Insight. 2021 Sep 8;6(17):
pubmed: 34228642
JAMA. 2021 Mar 2;325(9):855-864
pubmed: 33523115
JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Dec 1;3(12):e2031756
pubmed: 33315116
Sci Immunol. 2021 Jun 15;6(60):
pubmed: 34131024
Pediatrics. 2020 Aug;146(2):
pubmed: 32457213
JAMA. 2021 Jul 6;326(1):25-26
pubmed: 34096972
N Engl J Med. 2020 Jul 23;383(4):347-358
pubmed: 32598830
Nat Med. 2020 Nov;26(11):1701-1707
pubmed: 32812012
Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2021 Mar 16;19(1):29
pubmed: 33726806
Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Jun 15;72(12):e1146-e1153
pubmed: 33283240
Annu Rev Med. 2012;63:233-46
pubmed: 22248322
Eur J Immunol. 2020 Sep;50(9):1412-1414
pubmed: 32592406
Nature. 2020 Aug;584(7821):463-469
pubmed: 32717743
Hum Genet. 2020 Jun;139(6-7):681-694
pubmed: 32462426
Cell. 2020 Nov 12;183(4):982-995.e14
pubmed: 32991843
Clin Biochem. 2020 Jul;81:1-8
pubmed: 32473151
Cell. 2021 Apr 1;184(7):1858-1864.e10
pubmed: 33631096
Nat Commun. 2021 Feb 17;12(1):1084
pubmed: 33597531
Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Oct;20(10):1141-1150
pubmed: 32562601
EClinicalMedicine. 2021 May;35:100850
pubmed: 33937731
Cell. 2020 May 28;181(5):1036-1045.e9
pubmed: 32416070
Cell Rep. 2021 Oct 5;37(1):109773
pubmed: 34587479
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2021 Nov 11;10(10):937-939
pubmed: 34270752
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Oct;4(10):790-794
pubmed: 32828177
Front Immunol. 2021 Mar 26;12:654587
pubmed: 33841438
Nat Med. 2020 Aug;26(8):1205-1211
pubmed: 32546824
EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Sep;26:100527
pubmed: 32923992
Med Law Rev. 2021 Dec 6;29(4):716-727
pubmed: 34282460
Cell Mol Immunol. 2020 Jul;17(7):768-770
pubmed: 32382126
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Sep;4(9):653-661
pubmed: 32593339
Science. 2020 Jul 3;369(6499):50-54
pubmed: 32358202
Euro Surveill. 2021 Apr;26(13):
pubmed: 33797390
J Pediatr. 2020 Nov;226:45-54.e1
pubmed: 32768466
PLoS Comput Biol. 2021 Feb 11;17(2):e1008559
pubmed: 33571188
BMC Pediatr. 2021 Apr 17;21(1):181
pubmed: 33865340
Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Dec;21(12):1645-1653
pubmed: 34197764
Nat Immunol. 2021 Jan;22(1):67-73
pubmed: 33169014
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2020 Dec;33(6):540-547
pubmed: 33027185
Circulation. 2020 Aug 4;142(5):429-436
pubmed: 32418446
PLoS One. 2020 Oct 8;15(10):e0240205
pubmed: 33031427
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Sep 18;69(37):1324-1329
pubmed: 32941417
Science. 2020 Aug 7;369(6504):718-724
pubmed: 32661059
J Pediatr. 2020 Dec;227:45-52.e5
pubmed: 32827525
J Virol. 2020 Feb 14;94(5):
pubmed: 31826992
Arch Dis Child. 2021 Jul;106(7):709-711
pubmed: 32769089