Low serum folate concentrations in dogs with non-associative immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia.
IMHA
canine
folic acid
haemolysis
Journal
The Veterinary record
ISSN: 2042-7670
Titre abrégé: Vet Rec
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0031164
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 2022
04 2022
Historique:
revised:
29
06
2021
received:
03
04
2021
accepted:
09
09
2021
pubmed:
29
9
2021
medline:
5
4
2022
entrez:
28
9
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Folate deficiency in people can occur in conditions causing increased demand, including haemolytic anaemia. This has not been investigated in dogs with non-associative immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA). Cohort study of 15 dogs with non-associative IMHA. Haematocrit (HCT) and serum folate concentrations were measured at presentation and each subsequent venipuncture performed for monitoring. The relationship between serum folate concentrations and HCT was investigated using linear and logistic mixed-effects regression models and in paired samples using a one-tailed paired t-test. Low serum folate concentrations occurred in five of 15 dogs. In 126 samples, a significant positive relationship was found between HCT and corresponding serum folate concentrations. A significant relationship was found between dichotomised folate concentrations (below the reference interval or within/above the reference interval) and HCT and between serum folate concentrations and dichotomised HCT (less than or equal/above 0.30 L/L). For paired samples (available in eight dogs), the mean serum folate concentration of samples with the lowest HCT was significantly lower than that of samples in which the HCT first exceeded 0.30 L/L. Low serum folate concentrations were observed in some dogs with non-associative IMHA. Further studies are needed to determine the cause and investigate whether folate supplementation would be beneficial.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
Folate deficiency in people can occur in conditions causing increased demand, including haemolytic anaemia. This has not been investigated in dogs with non-associative immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA).
METHODS
Cohort study of 15 dogs with non-associative IMHA. Haematocrit (HCT) and serum folate concentrations were measured at presentation and each subsequent venipuncture performed for monitoring. The relationship between serum folate concentrations and HCT was investigated using linear and logistic mixed-effects regression models and in paired samples using a one-tailed paired t-test.
RESULTS
Low serum folate concentrations occurred in five of 15 dogs. In 126 samples, a significant positive relationship was found between HCT and corresponding serum folate concentrations. A significant relationship was found between dichotomised folate concentrations (below the reference interval or within/above the reference interval) and HCT and between serum folate concentrations and dichotomised HCT (less than or equal/above 0.30 L/L). For paired samples (available in eight dogs), the mean serum folate concentration of samples with the lowest HCT was significantly lower than that of samples in which the HCT first exceeded 0.30 L/L.
CONCLUSIONS
Low serum folate concentrations were observed in some dogs with non-associative IMHA. Further studies are needed to determine the cause and investigate whether folate supplementation would be beneficial.
Substances chimiques
Folic Acid
935E97BOY8
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e946Informations de copyright
© 2021 British Veterinary Association.
Références
Piek C. Immune-mediated hemolytic anemias and other regenerative anemias. In: Ettinger S, Feldman E, Côté E, editors. Textbook of veterinary internal medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017. p. 2078-99.
Giger U. Regenerative anemias caused by blood loss or hemolysis. In: Ettinger S, Feldman E, editors. Textbook of veterinary internal medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2000. p. 1784-804.
Garden OA, Kidd L, Mexas AM, Chang YM, Jeffery U, Blois SL, et al. ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med. 2021;33:313-34.
Day M. Immune-mediated anemias in the dog. In: Weiss D, Wardrop J, Editors. Schalm's veterinary hematology. 6th ed. Ames, IA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2010. p. 216-25.
Yuki M, Naitoh E. Complete remission of associative immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in a dog following surgical resection of intestinal leiomyosarcoma. Vet Sci. 2019;6:55.
Woodward GM, White JD. The utility of screening diagnostic tests in identifying associative immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia in dogs. Aust Vet J. 2020;98:586-90.
Tvedten H, Weiss D. Erythrocyte disorders. In: Willard M, Tvedten H, Turnwald G, editors. Small animal clinical diagnosis by laboratory methods. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1999. p. 31-51.
Giger U. Erythropoietin and its clinical use. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet. 1992;14:25-35.
Klag A, Giger U, Shofer F. Idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs: 42 cases (1986-1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1993;202:783-8.
Weinkle TK, Center SA, Randolph JF, Warner KL, Barr SC, Erb HN. Evaluation of prognostic factors, survival rates, and treatment protocols for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs: 151 Cases (1993-2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005;226:1869-80.
Ball GFM. Folate. In: Ball GFM, editor. Bioavailability and analysis of vitamins in foods. Boston, MA: Springer US; 1998. p. 439-96.
Cotter S. Non-regenerative anaemia. In: Ettinger S, Feldman E, editors. Textbook of veterinary internal medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2000. p. 1804-10816.
Hall E, Simpson K. Diseases of the small intestine. Textbook of veterinary internal medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders WB; 2000. p. 1182-238.
Stanley E, Appleman E, Schlag A, Siegel A. Relationship between cobalamin and folate deficiencies and anemia in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2019;33:106-13.
Lambie DG, Johnson RH. Drugs and folate metabolism. Drugs 1985;30:145-55.
Chanarin I. Investigation, management and treatment in megaloblastic anaemia. In: Chanarin I, editor. The megaloblastic anaemias. 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell; 1990. p. 78-9.
Chanarin I, Dacie J V., Mollin DL. Folic-acid deficiency in haemolytic anaemia. Br J Haematol. 1959;5:245-56.
Hoffbrand A. Megaloblastic anemias. In: Fauci A, Braunwald E, Kasper D, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, et al., editors. Harrison's principle of internal medicine. 17th ed. New York, NY: Mc Graw Hill; 2008. p. 643-51.
Nagao T, Hirokawa M. Diagnosis and treatment of macrocytic anemias in adults. J Gen Fam Med. 2017;18:200-4.
Wintrobe M, Lee G, Boggs D, Bithell T, Athens J, Foerster J. Macrocytosis and macrocytic anemias. In: Wintrobe M, editor. Clinical hematology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1974. p. 556-601.
Chanarin I. Chronic haemolytic states. In: Chanarin I, editor. The megaloblastic anaemias. 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell; 1990. p. 165-7.
Chanarin I. The response to therapy in megaloblastic anaemia. In: Chanarin I, editor. The megaloblastic anaemias. 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell; 1990. p. 63-7.
Yoe J, Sacher R. Immune hemolytic anemias. In: Schumacher H, Rock Jr. W, Stass S, editors. Handbook of hematologic pathology. New York, NY: Marcell Dekker Inc.; 2000. p. 435-54.
Smith A, Pepperell D. Evaluation and recommended treatment of anaemia. Prescriber 2010;21:17-29.
Batt RM, McLean L, Rutgers HC, Hall EJ. Validation of a radioassay for the determination of serum folate and cobalamin concentrations in dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 1991;32:221-4.
Patterson HD, Thompson R. Recovery of inter-block information when block sizes are unequal. Biometrika 1971;58:545-54.
Agresti A. Generalized linear models: model fitting and inference. In Agresti A. editor. Foundations of linear and generalized linear models. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2015. p 120-64.
Froese DS, Fowler B, Baumgartner MR. Vitamin B12, folate, and the methionine remethylation cycle-biochemistry, pathways, and regulation. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2019;42:673-85.
Kather S, Grützner N, Kook PH, Dengler F, Heilmann RM. Review of cobalamin status and disorders of cobalamin metabolism in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2020;34:13-28.