Diagnosis and Acute Management of COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.


Journal

Pediatric emergency care
ISSN: 1535-1815
Titre abrégé: Pediatr Emerg Care
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8507560

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
01 Oct 2021
Historique:
entrez: 30 9 2021
pubmed: 1 10 2021
medline: 5 10 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Most children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection are asymptomatic or have mild disease. About 5% of infected children will develop severe or critical disease. Rapid identification and treatment are essential for children who are critically ill with signs and symptoms of respiratory failure, septic shock, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. This article is intended for pediatricians, pediatric emergency physicians, and individuals involved in the emergency care of children. It reviews the current epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children, summarizes key aspects of clinical assessment including identification of high-risk patients and manifestations of severe disease, and provides an overview of COVID-19 management in the emergency department based on clinical severity.

Identifiants

pubmed: 34591810
doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000002538
pii: 00006565-202110000-00007
pmc: PMC8855974
mid: NIHMS1745912
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

519-525

Subventions

Organisme : NIAID NIH HHS
ID : K23 AI144029
Pays : United States

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Références

Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University. COVID-19 dashboard. Available at: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html . Accessed June18, 2021.
Leidman E, Duca LM, Omura JD, et al. COVID-19 trends among persons aged 0–24 years—United States, March 1–December 12, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 2021;70:88–94.
Bellino S, Punzo O, Rota MC, et al., COVID-19 WORKING GROUP. COVID-19 disease severity risk factors for pediatric patients in Italy. Pediatrics . 2020;146:e2020009399.
Feldstein LR, Rose EB, Horwitz SM, et al. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in U.S. children and adolescents. N Engl J Med . 2020;383:334–346.
Godfred-Cato S, Bryant B, Leung J, et al. COVID-19–associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children—United States, March–July 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep . 2020;69:1074–1080.
Riphagen S, Gomez X, Gonzalez-Martinez C, et al. Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet . 2020;395:1607–1608.
Reid S, Bhatt M, Zemek R, et al. Virtual care in the pediatric emergency department: a new way of doing business? CJEM . 2021;23:80–84.
Feketea GM, Vlacha V. A decision-making algorithm for children with suspected coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Pediatr . 2020;174:1220–1222.
Wald ER, Schmit KM, Gusland DY. A pediatric infectious disease perspective on COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis . 2021;72:1660–1666.
Poline J, Gaschignard J, Leblanc C, et al. Systematic SARS-CoV-2 screening at hospital admission in children: a French prospective multicenter study. Clin Infect Dis . 2020.
Qiu H, Wu J, Hong L, et al. Clinical and epidemiological features of 36 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zhejiang, China: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis . 2020;20:689–696.
Sola AM, David AP, Rosbe KW, et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children without symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Pediatr . 2021;175:198–201.
Castagnoli R, Votto M, Licari A, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: a systematic review. JAMA Pediatr . 2020;174:882–889.
Mithal LB, Machut KZ, Muller WJ, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants less than 90 days old. J Pediatr . 2020;224:150–152.
Nepal G, Rehrig JH, Shrestha GS, et al. Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review. Crit Care . 2020;24:421.
Perez A, Cantor A, Rudolph B, et al. Liver involvement in children with SARS-COV-2 infection: two distinct clinical phenotypes caused by the same virus. Liver Int . 2021.
Saeed A, Shorafa E. Status epilepticus as a first presentation of COVID-19 infection in a 3 years old boy; case report and review the literature. IDCases . 2020;22:e00942.
Jones VG, Mills M, Suarez D, et al. COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease: novel virus and novel case. Hosp Pediatr . 2020;10:537–540.
Panupattanapong S, Brooks EB. New spectrum of COVID-19 manifestations in children: Kawasaki-like syndrome and hyperinflammatory response. Cleve Clin J Med . 2020.
Belay ED, Abrams J, Oster ME, et al. Trends in geographic and temporal distribution of US children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Pediatr . 2021.
Feldstein LR, Tenforde MW, Friedman KG, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of US children and adolescents with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) compared with severe acute COVID-19. JAMA . 2021;325:1074–1087.
Young TK, Shaw KS, Shah JK, et al. Mucocutaneous manifestations of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Dermatol . 2021;157:207–212.
González-Dambrauskas S, Vásquez-Hoyos P, Camporesi A, et al., Critical Coronavirus and Kids Epidemiology Cake Study. Pediatric critical care and COVID-19. Pediatrics . 2020;146:e20201766.
Kainth MK, Goenka PK, Williamson KA, et al., Northwell Health COVID-19 Research Consortium. Early experience of COVID-19 in a US children's hospital. Pediatrics . 2020;146:e2020003186.
Zachariah P, Johnson CL, Halabi KC, et al. Epidemiology, clinical features, and disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Children's Hospital in New York City, New York. JAMA Pediatr . 2020;174:e202430.
Wong HYF, Lam HYS, Fong AH, et al. Frequency and distribution of chest radiographic findings in patients positive for COVID-19. Radiology . 2020;296:E72–e8.
Denina M, Scolfaro C, Silvestro E, et al. Lung ultrasound in children with COVID-19. Pediatrics . 2020;146:e20201157.
Merkus PJFM, Klein WM. The value of chest CT as a COVID-19 screening tool in children. Eur Respir J . 2020;55:2001241.
DeBiasi RL, Song X, Delaney M, et al. Severe coronavirus disease-2019 in children and young adults in the Washington, DC, metropolitan region. J Pediatr . 2020;223:199–203.e1.
Mark EG, Golden WC, Gilmore MM, et al. Community-onset severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in young infants: a systematic review. J Pediatr . 2021;228:94–100.e3.
Fernandes DM, Oliveira CR, Guerguis S, et al., Tri-State Pediatric COVID-19 Research Consortium. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 clinical syndromes and predictors of disease severity in hospitalized children and youth. J Pediatr . 2021;230:23–31.e10.
Ho C, Ng NBH, Lee YS. Caring for pediatric patients with diabetes amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 storm. J Pediatr . 2020;223:186–187.
Shekerdemian LS, Mahmood NR, Wolfe KK, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection admitted to US and Canadian pediatric intensive care units. JAMA Pediatr . 2020;174:868–873.
Simpson M, Collins C, Nash DB, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 infection in children with pre-existing heart disease. J Pediatr . 2020;227:302–7.e2.
Jiang L, Tang K, Levin M, et al. COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents. Lancet Infect Dis . 2020;20:e276–e288.
Whittaker E, Bamford A, Kenny J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2. JAMA . 2020;324:259–269.
Chiotos K, Hayes M, Kimberlin DW, et al. Multicenter interim guidance on use of antivirals for children with coronavirus disease 2019/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc . 2021;10:34–48.
Larson DT, Sherner JH, Gallagher KM, et al. Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 with evidence-based supportive care. Clin Infect Dis . 2020;ciaa678.
Venturini E, Palmas G, Montagnani C, et al. Severe neutropenia in infants with severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus 2019 infection. J Pediatr . 2020;222:259–261.
Kache S, Chisti MJ, Gumbo F, et al. COVID-19 PICU guidelines: for high- and limited-resource settings. Pediatr Res . 2020;88:705–716.
Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference Group. Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: consensus recommendations from the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference. Pediatr Crit Care Med . 2015;16:428–439.
Khemani RG, Smith L, Lopez-Fernandez YM, et al. Paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome incidence and epidemiology (PARDIE): an international, observational study. Lancet Respir Med . 2019;7:115–128.
Liguoro I, Pilotto C, Bonanni M, et al. SARS-COV-2 infection in children and newborns: a systematic review. Eur J Pediatr . 2020;179:1029–1046.
Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children. Intensive Care Med . 2020;46(suppl 1):10–67.
Ceneviva G, Paschall JA, Maffei F, et al. Hemodynamic support in fluid-refractory pediatric septic shock. Pediatrics . 1998;102:e19.
Ranjit S, Natraj R, Kandath SK, et al. Early norepinephrine decreases fluid and ventilatory requirements in pediatric vasodilatory septic shock. Indian J Crit Care Med . 2016;20:561–569.
Topjian A, Aziz K, Kamath-Rayne BD, et al. Interim guidance for basic and advanced life support in children and neonates with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Pediatrics . 2020;e20201405.
Henderson LACS, Friedman KG, Gorelik M, et al. American College of Rheumatology clinical guidance for pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 and hyperinflammation in COVID-19. Version 2. Arthritis Rheumatol . 2020.
Sisk B, Cull W, Harris JM, et al. National trends of cases of COVID-19 in children based on US State Health Department data. Pediatrics . 2020;146:e2020027425.
Bailey LC, Razzaghi H, Burrows EK, et al. Assessment of 135 794 pediatric patients tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 across the United States. JAMA Pediatr . 2021;175:176–184.

Auteurs

Articles similaires

[Redispensing of expensive oral anticancer medicines: a practical application].

Lisanne N van Merendonk, Kübra Akgöl, Bastiaan Nuijen
1.00
Humans Antineoplastic Agents Administration, Oral Drug Costs Counterfeit Drugs

Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease.

Jun Hwan Cho, Seung Yong Shin, Hoseob Kim et al.
1.00
Humans Male Smoking Cessation Cardiovascular Diseases Female
Humans United States Aged Cross-Sectional Studies Medicare Part C
1.00
Humans Yoga Low Back Pain Female Male

Classifications MeSH