Cortical and subcortical brain structure in generalized anxiety disorder: findings from 28 research sites in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group.
Journal
Translational psychiatry
ISSN: 2158-3188
Titre abrégé: Transl Psychiatry
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101562664
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 10 2021
01 10 2021
Historique:
received:
27
08
2021
accepted:
14
09
2021
revised:
02
09
2021
entrez:
2
10
2021
pubmed:
3
10
2021
medline:
12
10
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The goal of this study was to compare brain structure between individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and healthy controls. Previous studies have generated inconsistent findings, possibly due to small sample sizes, or clinical/analytic heterogeneity. To address these concerns, we combined data from 28 research sites worldwide through the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group, using a single, pre-registered mega-analysis. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data from children and adults (5-90 years) were processed using FreeSurfer. The main analysis included the regional and vertex-wise cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume as dependent variables, and GAD, age, age-squared, sex, and their interactions as independent variables. Nuisance variables included IQ, years of education, medication use, comorbidities, and global brain measures. The main analysis (1020 individuals with GAD and 2999 healthy controls) included random slopes per site and random intercepts per scanner. A secondary analysis (1112 individuals with GAD and 3282 healthy controls) included fixed slopes and random intercepts per scanner with the same variables. The main analysis showed no effect of GAD on brain structure, nor interactions involving GAD, age, or sex. The secondary analysis showed increased volume in the right ventral diencephalon in male individuals with GAD compared to male healthy controls, whereas female individuals with GAD did not differ from female healthy controls. This mega-analysis combining worldwide data showed that differences in brain structure related to GAD are small, possibly reflecting heterogeneity or those structural alterations are not a major component of its pathophysiology.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34599145
doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01622-1
pii: 10.1038/s41398-021-01622-1
pmc: PMC8486763
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
502Subventions
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH065413
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U24 DA041147
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U01 DA041120
Pays : United States
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
ID : K23MH114023
Organisme : Intramural NIH HHS
ID : ZIA MH002782
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : T32 MH100019
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : K23 MH086686
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U01 DA041025
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U01 DA041106
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U01 DA041148
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH101497
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : K23 MH100259
Pays : United States
Organisme : CSRD VA
ID : I01 CX000994
Pays : United States
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
ID : K23MH109983
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U01 DA041093
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : K23 MH109983
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U24 DA041123
Pays : United States
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
ID : K23MH100259
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U01 DA041134
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : K23 MH114023
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH116147
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U01 DA041022
Pays : United States
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
ID : K99MH117274
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
ID : K23 MH 086686
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U01 DA041156
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIBIB NIH HHS
ID : U54 EB020403
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH117601
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : K24 MH064122
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : K99 HD105002
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : T32 MH014654
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U01 DA041089
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH108509
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R56 AG058854
Pays : United States
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
ID : R01MH11760
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U01 DA041117
Pays : United States
Organisme : Intramural NIH HHS
ID : ZIA MH002798
Pays : United States
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
ID : R01MH101497
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U01 DA041028
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U01 DA041048
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : K99 MH117274
Pays : United States
Organisme : U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
ID : R01 MH 108509
Organisme : NIDA NIH HHS
ID : U01 DA041174
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIMH NIH HHS
ID : R01 MH101486
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© 2021. This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply.
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