Synergistic neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen and N-acetylcysteine against traumatic spinal cord injury in rat.
Acetylcysteine
/ therapeutic use
Animals
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
/ therapeutic use
Antioxidants
/ metabolism
Apoptosis
/ drug effects
Cell Count
Combined Modality Therapy
Cytokines
/ metabolism
Electromyography
Female
Hyperbaric Oxygenation
Neuroglia
/ pathology
Neuroprotective Agents
/ therapeutic use
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Spinal Cord
/ metabolism
Spinal Cord Injuries
/ drug therapy
Hyperbaric oxygen
Inflammation
N-acetylcysteine
Oxidative stress
Spinal cord injury
Journal
Journal of chemical neuroanatomy
ISSN: 1873-6300
Titre abrégé: J Chem Neuroanat
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 8902615
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2021
12 2021
Historique:
received:
14
09
2021
revised:
26
09
2021
accepted:
27
09
2021
pubmed:
4
10
2021
medline:
29
3
2022
entrez:
3
10
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The mitochondrial dysfunction and following oxidative stress, as well as the spread of inflammation plays major roles in the failure to regenerate following severe spinal cord injury (SCI). In this regard, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), as an anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory agent, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as a mitochondrial enhancer, in SCI. Seventy-five female adult Wistar rats divided into five groups (n = 15): laminectomy alone (Sham) group, SCI group, HBO group (underwent SCI and received HBO), NAC group (underwent SCI and received NAC), and HBO+NAC group (underwent SCI and simultaneously received NAC and HBO). At the end of study, spinal cord tissue samples were taken for evaluation of biochemical profiles including malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 as well as gene expressions of interleukin (IL)-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1β. Stereological assessments were performed to determine the total volumes, central cavity volumes and as well as numerical density of the neural and glial cells in traumatic area. Moreover, neurological functions were evaluated by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnehan (BBB) and electromyography (EMG). Our results showed that the stereological parameters, biochemical profiles (except MDA) and neurological function were significantly higher in each HBO, NAC and HBO+NAC groups compared to the SCI group, and were highest in HBO+NAC ones. The transcript for IL-10 gene was significantly upregulated in all treatment regimens compared to SCI group, and was highest in HBO+NAC ones. While expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, latency, as well as density of apoptosis cells in caspase-3 evaluation significantly more decreased in HBO+NAC group compared to other groups. Overall, using combined therapy with HBO and NAC has synergistic neuroprotective effects in SCI treatment.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
The mitochondrial dysfunction and following oxidative stress, as well as the spread of inflammation plays major roles in the failure to regenerate following severe spinal cord injury (SCI). In this regard, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), as an anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory agent, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), as a mitochondrial enhancer, in SCI.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Seventy-five female adult Wistar rats divided into five groups (n = 15): laminectomy alone (Sham) group, SCI group, HBO group (underwent SCI and received HBO), NAC group (underwent SCI and received NAC), and HBO+NAC group (underwent SCI and simultaneously received NAC and HBO). At the end of study, spinal cord tissue samples were taken for evaluation of biochemical profiles including malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 as well as gene expressions of interleukin (IL)-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-1β. Stereological assessments were performed to determine the total volumes, central cavity volumes and as well as numerical density of the neural and glial cells in traumatic area. Moreover, neurological functions were evaluated by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnehan (BBB) and electromyography (EMG).
RESULTS
Our results showed that the stereological parameters, biochemical profiles (except MDA) and neurological function were significantly higher in each HBO, NAC and HBO+NAC groups compared to the SCI group, and were highest in HBO+NAC ones. The transcript for IL-10 gene was significantly upregulated in all treatment regimens compared to SCI group, and was highest in HBO+NAC ones. While expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, latency, as well as density of apoptosis cells in caspase-3 evaluation significantly more decreased in HBO+NAC group compared to other groups.
CONCLUSION
Overall, using combined therapy with HBO and NAC has synergistic neuroprotective effects in SCI treatment.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34601074
pii: S0891-0618(21)00120-4
doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102037
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
0
Antioxidants
0
Cytokines
0
Neuroprotective Agents
0
Acetylcysteine
WYQ7N0BPYC
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
102037Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.