Toll Like Receptors as Sensors of the Tumor Microbial Dysbiosis: Implications in Cancer Progression.
cancer
dysbiosis
microbiota
tolerance
toll-like receptor (TLR)
Journal
Frontiers in cell and developmental biology
ISSN: 2296-634X
Titre abrégé: Front Cell Dev Biol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101630250
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
28
06
2021
accepted:
23
08
2021
entrez:
4
10
2021
pubmed:
5
10
2021
medline:
5
10
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The microbiota is a complex ecosystem of active microorganisms resident in the body of mammals. Although the majority of these microorganisms resides in the distal gastrointestinal tract, high-throughput DNA sequencing technology has made possible to understand that several other tissues of the human body host their own microbiota, even those once considered sterile, such as lung tissue. These bacterial communities have important functions in maintaining a healthy body state, preserving symbiosis with the host immune system, which generates protective responses against pathogens and regulatory pathways that sustain the tolerance to commensal microbes. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical in sensing the microbiota, maintaining the tolerance or triggering an immune response through the direct recognition of ligands derived from commensal microbiota or pathogenic microbes. Lately, it has been highlighted that the resident microbiota influences the initiation and development of cancer and its response to therapies and that specific changes in the number and distribution of taxa correlate with the existence of cancers in various tissues. However, the knowledge of functional activity and the meaning of microbiome changes remain limited. This review summarizes the current findings on the function of TLRs as sensors of the microbiota and highlighted their modulation as a reflection of tumor-associated changes in commensal microbiota. The data available to date suggest that commensal "onco-microbes" might be able to break the tolerance of TLRs and become complicit in cancer by sustaining its growth.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34604233
doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.732192
pmc: PMC8485072
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
732192Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Le Noci, Bernardo, Bianchi, Tagliabue, Sommariva and Sfondrini.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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