Microglia in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration: From Understanding to Therapy.
Alzheimer’ disease
Parkinson’s disease
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
brain aging
microglia
multiple sclerosis
neurodegeneration
neuroinflammation
Journal
Frontiers in neuroscience
ISSN: 1662-4548
Titre abrégé: Front Neurosci
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101478481
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
15
07
2021
accepted:
25
08
2021
entrez:
11
10
2021
pubmed:
12
10
2021
medline:
12
10
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) acting as the first line of defense in the brain by phagocytosing harmful pathogens and cellular debris. Microglia emerge from early erythromyeloid progenitors of the yolk sac and enter the developing brain before the establishment of a fully mature blood-brain barrier. In physiological conditions, during brain development, microglia contribute to CNS homeostasis by supporting cell proliferation of neural precursors. In post-natal life, such cells contribute to preserving the integrity of neuronal circuits by sculpting synapses. After a CNS injury, microglia change their morphology and down-regulate those genes supporting homeostatic functions. However, it is still unclear whether such changes are accompanied by molecular and functional modifications that might contribute to the pathological process. While comprehensive transcriptome analyses at the single-cell level have identified specific gene perturbations occurring in the "pathological" microglia, still the precise protective/detrimental role of microglia in neurological disorders is far from being fully elucidated. In this review, the results so far obtained regarding the role of microglia in neurodegenerative disorders will be discussed. There is solid and sound evidence suggesting that regulating microglia functions during disease pathology might represent a strategy to develop future therapies aimed at counteracting brain degeneration in multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34630027
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.742065
pmc: PMC8497816
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
742065Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Muzio, Viotti and Martino.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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