Effect of Delta variant on viral burden and vaccine effectiveness against new SARS-CoV-2 infections in the UK.
Adolescent
Adult
Antibodies, Neutralizing
/ blood
Antibodies, Viral
/ blood
BNT162 Vaccine
/ immunology
COVID-19
/ epidemiology
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
/ immunology
Humans
Middle Aged
Polymerase Chain Reaction
SARS-CoV-2
/ immunology
United Kingdom
/ epidemiology
Vaccination
Vaccine Efficacy
/ statistics & numerical data
Viral Load
Young Adult
Journal
Nature medicine
ISSN: 1546-170X
Titre abrégé: Nat Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 9502015
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2021
12 2021
Historique:
received:
18
08
2021
accepted:
21
09
2021
pubmed:
16
10
2021
medline:
6
1
2022
entrez:
15
10
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The effectiveness of the BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines against new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections requires continuous re-evaluation, given the increasingly dominant B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of these vaccines in a large, community-based survey of randomly selected households across the United Kingdom. We found that the effectiveness of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 against infections (new polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive cases) with symptoms or high viral burden is reduced with the B.1.617.2 variant (absolute difference of 10-13% for BNT162b2 and 16% for ChAdOx1) compared to the B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant. The effectiveness of two doses remains at least as great as protection afforded by prior natural infection. The dynamics of immunity after second doses differed significantly between BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1, with greater initial effectiveness against new PCR-positive cases but faster declines in protection against high viral burden and symptomatic infection with BNT162b2. There was no evidence that effectiveness varied by dosing interval, but protection was higher in vaccinated individuals after a prior infection and in younger adults. With B.1.617.2, infections occurring after two vaccinations had similar peak viral burden as those in unvaccinated individuals. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination still reduces new infections, but effectiveness and attenuation of peak viral burden are reduced with B.1.617.2.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34650248
doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01548-7
pii: 10.1038/s41591-021-01548-7
pmc: PMC8674129
doi:
Substances chimiques
Antibodies, Neutralizing
0
Antibodies, Viral
0
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
B5S3K2V0G8
BNT162 Vaccine
N38TVC63NU
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
2127-2135Subventions
Organisme : RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)
ID : MC_UU_12023/22
Organisme : Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)
ID : 110110/Z/15/Z
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/V038613/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
ID : NIHR200915
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s).
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