Tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS in Jazan Region, Southwestern Saudi Arabia.
Infectious diseases
PLWHA
Risk factors
Saudi Arabia
TB-HIV co-infection
Journal
Journal of infection and public health
ISSN: 1876-035X
Titre abrégé: J Infect Public Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101487384
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2021
Nov 2021
Historique:
received:
15
02
2021
revised:
12
09
2021
accepted:
14
09
2021
pubmed:
18
10
2021
medline:
11
11
2021
entrez:
17
10
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) infections are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are highly susceptible to TB infection and progression to active TB disease. This study aims to determine the proportion and risk factors of TB among PLWHA in Jazan Region, southwestern Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected individuals attending the main referral hospital in Jazan Region during the period 2017-2019. The participants' TB status, CD4+ lymphocyte count, and viral load were assessed. In addition, their demographic and clinical information was collected using a structured questionnaire. A total of 316 HIV-positive individuals aged between 13 and 81 years (75% male and 25% female) were enrolled in this study. Of them, 30 (9.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.2, 10.6%) were diagnosed with TB: 46.7% (14/30) had pulmonary TB and 53.3% (16/30) had extrapulmonary TB. The highest proportion of TB-positive PLWHA was found among participants aged 18-30 years (11.6%) and among non-Saudis (14.0%) when compared to other age groups and Saudi participants (7.4%). Multivariate analysis showed that male gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.79; 95% CI = 1.22, 18.74), past medical history (PMH) of TB (AOR = 29.67; 95% CI = 5.31, 164.32), PMH of other RTIs (AOR = 5.86; 95 % CI = 2.14, 16.06), CD4+ lymphocyte count of <200 cells/mm³ (AOR = 4.33; 95% CI = 1.65, 11.36), and viral load of ≥1 × 10 The prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection among the studied population was 9.5%. Therefore, all PLWHA should be screened for TB at every visit to a health facility. The findings highlight that integration of health services for both TB and HIV/AIDS in Saudi Arabia is recommended.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) infections are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are highly susceptible to TB infection and progression to active TB disease. This study aims to determine the proportion and risk factors of TB among PLWHA in Jazan Region, southwestern Saudi Arabia.
METHODS
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected individuals attending the main referral hospital in Jazan Region during the period 2017-2019. The participants' TB status, CD4+ lymphocyte count, and viral load were assessed. In addition, their demographic and clinical information was collected using a structured questionnaire.
RESULTS
RESULTS
A total of 316 HIV-positive individuals aged between 13 and 81 years (75% male and 25% female) were enrolled in this study. Of them, 30 (9.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.2, 10.6%) were diagnosed with TB: 46.7% (14/30) had pulmonary TB and 53.3% (16/30) had extrapulmonary TB. The highest proportion of TB-positive PLWHA was found among participants aged 18-30 years (11.6%) and among non-Saudis (14.0%) when compared to other age groups and Saudi participants (7.4%). Multivariate analysis showed that male gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.79; 95% CI = 1.22, 18.74), past medical history (PMH) of TB (AOR = 29.67; 95% CI = 5.31, 164.32), PMH of other RTIs (AOR = 5.86; 95 % CI = 2.14, 16.06), CD4+ lymphocyte count of <200 cells/mm³ (AOR = 4.33; 95% CI = 1.65, 11.36), and viral load of ≥1 × 10
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection among the studied population was 9.5%. Therefore, all PLWHA should be screened for TB at every visit to a health facility. The findings highlight that integration of health services for both TB and HIV/AIDS in Saudi Arabia is recommended.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34656963
pii: S1876-0341(21)00270-7
doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.09.009
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1571-1577Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.