Range-wide indicators of African great ape density distribution.
Bonobo
IUCN SSC A.P.E.S. database
chimpanzee
gorilla
range-wide assessment
Journal
American journal of primatology
ISSN: 1098-2345
Titre abrégé: Am J Primatol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 8108949
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 2021
12 2021
Historique:
revised:
05
08
2021
received:
22
07
2020
accepted:
30
09
2021
pubmed:
19
10
2021
medline:
28
1
2022
entrez:
18
10
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Species distributions are influenced by processes occurring at multiple spatial scales. It is therefore insufficient to model species distribution at a single geographic scale, as this does not provide the necessary understanding of determining factors. Instead, multiple approaches are needed, each differing in spatial extent, grain, and research objective. Here, we present the first attempt to model continent-wide great ape density distribution. We used site-level estimates of African great ape abundance to (1) identify socioeconomic and environmental factors that drive densities at the continental scale, and (2) predict range-wide great ape density. We collated great ape abundance estimates from 156 sites and defined 134 pseudo-absence sites to represent additional absence locations. The latter were based on locations of unsuitable environmental conditions for great apes, and on existing literature. We compiled seven socioeconomic and environmental covariate layers and fitted a generalized linear model to investigate their influence on great ape abundance. We used an Akaike-weighted average of full and subset models to predict the range-wide density distribution of African great apes for the year 2015. Great ape densities were lowest where there were high Human Footprint and Gross Domestic Product values; the highest predicted densities were in Central Africa, and the lowest in West Africa. Only 10.7% of the total predicted population was found in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Category I and II protected areas. For 16 out of 20 countries, our estimated abundances were largely in line with those from previous studies. For four countries, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, and South Sudan, the estimated populations were excessively high. We propose further improvements to the model to overcome survey and predictor data limitations, which would enable a temporally dynamic approach for monitoring great apes across their range based on key indicators.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e23338Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Authors. American Journal of Primatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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