Spine Image Guidance and Robotics: Exposure, Education, Training, and the Learning Curve.

The use of intraoperative robotics and imaging for spine surgery has been shown to be safe, efficacious, and beneficial to patients, offering accurate placement of instrumentation, decreased operative time and blood loss, and improved postoperative outcomes. Despite these proven benefits, it has yet to be uniformly adopted. One of the major barriers for universal adoption of intraoperative robotics is the learning curve for this complex technology, in conjunction with a lack of formalized training. These same obstacles for universal adoption were faced in the introduction of surgical technology in other disciplines, and the use of this technology has become the standard of care in some of those specialties. Part of the success and widespread implementation of prior novel technology was the introduction of formalized training systems, which are currently lacking in advanced spine surgical technology. Therefore, the future success of intraoperative robotics and imaging for spine surgery depends on the creation of a formalized training system. We detail the best techniques for surgical pedagogy, as well as propose a comprehensive curriculum.

Informations de copyright

This manuscript is generously published free of charge by ISASS, the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery. Copyright © 2021 ISASS.

Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts

IRB Approval: The contents of this manuscript do not meet National Institutes of Health definitions for human subject research. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine deemed that IRB approval was not required for this work.