No Need to Stick Together to Be Connected: Multiple Types of Enhancers' Networking.
enhancers
gene expression regulation
liquid-liquid phase separation
modular organization
non-coding genome
Journal
Cancers
ISSN: 2072-6694
Titre abrégé: Cancers (Basel)
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101526829
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
16 Oct 2021
16 Oct 2021
Historique:
received:
21
09
2021
revised:
11
10
2021
accepted:
13
10
2021
entrez:
23
10
2021
pubmed:
24
10
2021
medline:
24
10
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The control of gene expression at a transcriptional level requires a widespread landscape of regulatory elements. Central to these regulatory circuits are enhancers (ENHs), which are defined as cis-acting DNA elements able to increase the transcription of a target gene in a distance- and orientation-independent manner. ENHs are not independent functional elements but work in a complex and dynamic cooperative network, constituting the building blocks of multimodular domains of gene expression regulation. The information from each of these elements converges on the target promoter, contributing to improving the precision and sharpness of gene modulation. ENHs' interplay varies in its nature and extent, ranging from an additive to redundant effect depending on contexts. Moving from super-enhancers that drive the high expression levels of identity genes, to shadow-enhancers, whose redundant functions contribute to buffering the variation in gene expression, this review aims to describe the different modalities of ENHs' interaction and their role in the regulation of complex biological processes like cancer development.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34680347
pii: cancers13205201
doi: 10.3390/cancers13205201
pmc: PMC8533737
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Subventions
Organisme : Italian Association for Cancer Research
ID : IG 21772
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