Somite development and regionalisation of the vertebral axial skeleton.
Axial progenitors
Axis formation
Hox genes
Somite patterning
Trunk-like structures
Journal
Seminars in cell & developmental biology
ISSN: 1096-3634
Titre abrégé: Semin Cell Dev Biol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9607332
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
07 2022
07 2022
Historique:
received:
29
06
2021
revised:
27
09
2021
accepted:
06
10
2021
pubmed:
26
10
2021
medline:
9
6
2022
entrez:
25
10
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
A critical stage in the development of all vertebrate embryos is the generation of the body plan and its subsequent patterning and regionalisation along the main anterior-posterior axis. This includes the formation of the vertebral axial skeleton. Its organisation begins during early embryonic development with the periodic formation of paired blocks of mesoderm tissue called somites. Here, we review axial patterning of somites, with a focus on studies using amniote model systems - avian and mouse. We summarise the molecular and cellular mechanisms that generate paraxial mesoderm and review how the different anatomical regions of the vertebral column acquire their specific identity and thus shape the body plan. We also discuss the generation of organoids and embryo-like structures from embryonic stem cells, which provide insights regarding axis formation and promise to be useful for disease modelling.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34690064
pii: S1084-9521(21)00266-4
doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.10.003
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
10-16Subventions
Organisme : Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
ID : BB/M011216/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.