Infections and Multiple Sclerosis: From the World to Sardinia, From Sardinia to the World.
Autoimmunity
Endogenous Retroviruses
/ immunology
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
/ epidemiology
Global Health
Herpesvirus 4, Human
/ immunology
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Italy
/ epidemiology
Multiple Sclerosis
/ epidemiology
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
/ immunology
Paratuberculosis
/ epidemiology
Prognosis
Retroviridae Infections
/ epidemiology
Risk Assessment
Risk Factors
Epstein - Barr virus
Sardinia (Italy)
genetic
human endogeneous retrovirus-W
infections
multiple sclerosis
mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
Journal
Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
Titre abrégé: Front Immunol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101560960
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
21
06
2021
accepted:
20
09
2021
entrez:
25
10
2021
pubmed:
26
10
2021
medline:
28
12
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Sardinia, an Italian island, is one of the areas with the highest global prevalence of MS. Genetic factors have been widely explored to explain this greater prevalence among some populations; the genetic makeup of the Sardinians appears to make them more likely to develop autoimmune diseases. A strong association between MS and some infections have been reported globally. The most robust evidence indicating the role of infections is MS development concerns the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Anti-EBV antibodies in patients once infected by EBV are associated with the development of MS years later. These features have also been noted in Sardinian patients with MS. Many groups have found an increased expression of the Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) family in patients with MS. A role in pathogenesis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response has been proposed for HERV. A European multi-centre study has shown that their presence was variable among populations, ranging from 59% to 100% of patients, with higher HERV expression noted in Sardinian patients with MS. The
Identifiants
pubmed: 34691035
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.728677
pmc: PMC8527089
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
728677Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Frau, Coghe, Lorefice, Fenu and Cocco.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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