Daily acute intermittent hypoxia enhances serotonergic innervation of hypoglossal motor nuclei in rats with and without cervical spinal injury.
Cervical hemisection
Hypoglossal
Intermittent hypoxia
Motor neuron
Plasticity
Raphe
Serotonin
Spinal cord injury
Journal
Experimental neurology
ISSN: 1090-2430
Titre abrégé: Exp Neurol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0370712
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 2022
01 2022
Historique:
received:
02
01
2021
revised:
17
10
2021
accepted:
20
10
2021
pubmed:
27
10
2021
medline:
29
12
2021
entrez:
26
10
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Intermittent hypoxia elicits protocol-dependent effects on hypoglossal (XII) motor plasticity. Whereas low-dose, acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) elicits serotonin-dependent plasticity in XII motor neurons, high-dose, chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) elicits neuroinflammation that undermines AIH-induced plasticity. Preconditioning with repeated AIH and mild CIH enhance AIH-induced XII motor plasticity. Since intermittent hypoxia pre-conditioning could enhance serotonin-dependent XII motor plasticity by increasing serotonergic innervation density of the XII motor nuclei, we tested the hypothesis that 3 distinct intermittent hypoxia protocols commonly studied to elicit plasticity (AIH) or simulate aspects of sleep apnea (CIH) differentially affect XII serotonergic innervation. Sleep apnea and associated CIH are common in people with cervical spinal injuries and, since repetitive AIH is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy to improve respiratory and non-respiratory motor function after spinal injury, we also tested the hypotheses that XII serotonergic innervation is increased by repetitive AIH and/or CIH in rats with cervical C2 hemisections (C2Hx). Serotonergic innervation was assessed via immunofluorescence in male Sprague Dawley rats, with and without C2Hx (beginning 8 weeks post-injury) exposed to 28 days of: 1) normoxia; 2) daily AIH (10, 5-min 10.5% O2 episodes per day; 5-min normoxic intervals); 3) mild CIH (5-min 10.5% O2 episodes; 5-min intervals; 8 h/day); and 4) moderate CIH (2-min 10.5% O2 episodes; 2-min intervals; 8 h/day). Daily AIH, but neither CIH protocol, increased the area of serotonergic immunolabeling in the XII motor nuclei in both intact and injured rats. C2Hx per se had no effect on XII serotonergic innervation density. Thus, daily AIH may increases XII serotonergic innervation and function, enhancing the capacity for serotonin-dependent, AIH-induced plasticity in upper airway motor neurons. Such effects may preserve upper airway patency and/or swallowing ability in people with cervical spinal cord injuries and other clinical disorders that compromise breathing and airway defense.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34699788
pii: S0014-4886(21)00311-3
doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113903
pmc: PMC8848979
mid: NIHMS1773849
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
113903Subventions
Organisme : NIH HHS
ID : OT2 OD023854
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : R01 HL147554
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : T32 HD043730
Pays : United States
Organisme : NICHD NIH HHS
ID : K12 HD055929
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : R37 HL069064
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : R21 NS119862
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHLBI NIH HHS
ID : R01 HL069064
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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