Gene-Specific Sex Effects on Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases.
Adolescent
Adult
Animals
Bacterial Infections
/ epidemiology
Child
Communicable Diseases
/ epidemiology
Female
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
/ physiology
Helminthiasis
/ epidemiology
Host-Pathogen Interactions
/ genetics
Humans
Inflammation
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Middle Aged
Models, Biological
Mycoses
/ epidemiology
Parasitic Diseases
/ epidemiology
Quantitative Trait Loci
Sex Characteristics
Sex Distribution
Species Specificity
Virus Diseases
/ epidemiology
Young Adult
bacteria
mouse model
parasites
sex influence
sex-bias
sex-dependent gene
susceptibility to infection
viruses
Journal
Frontiers in immunology
ISSN: 1664-3224
Titre abrégé: Front Immunol
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101560960
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
21
05
2021
accepted:
23
08
2021
entrez:
1
11
2021
pubmed:
2
11
2021
medline:
21
12
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Inflammation is an integral part of defense against most infectious diseases. These pathogen-induced immune responses are in very many instances strongly influenced by host's sex. As a consequence, sexual dimorphisms were observed in susceptibility to many infectious diseases. They are pathogen dose-dependent, and their outcomes depend on pathogen and even on its species or subspecies. Sex may differentially affect pathology of various organs and its influence is modified by interaction of host's hormonal status and genotype: sex chromosomes X and Y, as well as autosomal genes. In this Mini Review we summarize the major influences of sex in human infections and subsequently focus on 22 autosomal genes/loci that modify in a sex-dependent way the response to infectious diseases in mouse models. These genes have been observed to influence susceptibility to viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi and worms. Some sex-dependent genes/loci affect susceptibility only in females or only in males, affect both sexes, but have stronger effect in one sex; still other genes were shown to affect the disease in both sexes, but with opposite direction of effect in females and males. The understanding of mechanisms of sex-dependent differences in the course of infectious diseases may be relevant for their personalized management.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34721380
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712688
pmc: PMC8553003
doi:
Substances chimiques
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
0
Types de publication
Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
712688Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Lipoldová and Demant.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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