Probing Gluon Spin-Momentum Correlations in Transversely Polarized Protons through Midrapidity Isolated Direct Photons in p^{↑}+p Collisions at sqrt[s]=200 GeV.

Journal

Physical review letters
ISSN: 1079-7114
Titre abrégé: Phys Rev Lett
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401141

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
15 Oct 2021
Historique:
received: 01 03 2021
revised: 26 07 2021
accepted: 10 08 2021
entrez: 1 11 2021
pubmed: 2 11 2021
medline: 2 11 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Studying spin-momentum correlations in hadronic collisions offers a glimpse into a three-dimensional picture of proton structure. The transverse single-spin asymmetry for midrapidity isolated direct photons in p^{↑}+p collisions at sqrt[s]=200  GeV is measured with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Because direct photons in particular are produced from the hard scattering and do not interact via the strong force, this measurement is a clean probe of initial-state spin-momentum correlations inside the proton and is in particular sensitive to gluon interference effects within the proton. This is the first time direct photons have been used as a probe of spin-momentum correlations at RHIC. The uncertainties on the results are a 50-fold improvement with respect to those of the one prior measurement for the same observable, from the Fermilab E704 experiment. These results constrain gluon spin-momentum correlations in transversely polarized protons.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.162001 PMID: 34723614
pubmed: 34723614
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.162001
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

162001

Auteurs

U A Acharya (UA)

Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.

C Aidala (C)

Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA.

Y Akiba (Y)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

M Alfred (M)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059, USA.

V Andrieux (V)

Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA.

N Apadula (N)

Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.

H Asano (H)

Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

B Azmoun (B)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

V Babintsev (V)

IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

N S Bandara (NS)

Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA.

K N Barish (KN)

University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

S Bathe (S)

Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

A Bazilevsky (A)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

M Beaumier (M)

University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

R Belmont (R)

University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
Physics and Astronomy Department, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, USA.

A Berdnikov (A)

Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia.

Y Berdnikov (Y)

Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia.

L Bichon (L)

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.

B Blankenship (B)

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.

D S Blau (DS)

National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123098 Russia.
National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia.

J S Bok (JS)

New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.

M L Brooks (ML)

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

J Bryslawskyj (J)

Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA.
University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

V Bumazhnov (V)

IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

S Campbell (S)

Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA.

V Canoa Roman (V)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

R Cervantes (R)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

C Y Chi (CY)

Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA.

M Chiu (M)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

I J Choi (IJ)

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

J B Choi (JB)

Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.

Z Citron (Z)

Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.

M Connors (M)

Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

R Corliss (R)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

Y Corrales Morales (Y)

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

N Cronin (N)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

M Csanád (M)

ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary.

T Csörgő (T)

Eszterházy Károly University, Károly Róbert Campus, H-3200 Gyöngyös, Mátrai út 36, Hungary.
Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary.

T W Danley (TW)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.

M S Daugherity (MS)

Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA.

G David (G)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

K DeBlasio (K)

University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.

K Dehmelt (K)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

A Denisov (A)

IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

A Deshpande (A)

RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

E J Desmond (EJ)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

A Dion (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

D Dixit (D)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

J H Do (JH)

Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea.

A Drees (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

K A Drees (KA)

Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

J M Durham (JM)

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

A Durum (A)

IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

A Enokizono (A)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.

H En'yo (H)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

R Esha (R)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

S Esumi (S)

Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

B Fadem (B)

Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-5586, USA.

W Fan (W)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

N Feege (N)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

D E Fields (DE)

University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.

M Finger (M)

Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic.

M Finger (M)

Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic.

D Fitzgerald (D)

Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA.

S L Fokin (SL)

National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123098 Russia.

J E Frantz (JE)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.

A Franz (A)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

A D Frawley (AD)

Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.

Y Fukuda (Y)

Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

C Gal (C)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

P Gallus (P)

Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic.

P Garg (P)

Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

H Ge (H)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

M Giles (M)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

F Giordano (F)

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

Y Goto (Y)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

N Grau (N)

Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA.

S V Greene (SV)

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.

M Grosse Perdekamp (M)

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

T Gunji (T)

Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

H Guragain (H)

Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.

T Hachiya (T)

Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan.
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

J S Haggerty (JS)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

K I Hahn (KI)

Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.

H Hamagaki (H)

Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

H F Hamilton (HF)

Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA.

S Y Han (SY)

Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.

J Hanks (J)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

M Harvey (M)

Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, USA.

S Hasegawa (S)

Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan.

T O S Haseler (TOS)

Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.

X He (X)

Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.

T K Hemmick (TK)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

J C Hill (JC)

Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.

K Hill (K)

University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

A Hodges (A)

Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.

R S Hollis (RS)

University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

K Homma (K)

Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

B Hong (B)

Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.

T Hoshino (T)

Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

N Hotvedt (N)

Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.

J Huang (J)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

S Huang (S)

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.

K Imai (K)

Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan.

M Inaba (M)

Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

A Iordanova (A)

University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

D Isenhower (D)

Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA.

D Ivanishchev (D)

PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia.

B V Jacak (BV)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

M Jezghani (M)

Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.

Z Ji (Z)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

X Jiang (X)

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

B M Johnson (BM)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.

D Jouan (D)

IPN-Orsay, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, BP1, F-91406 Orsay, France.

D S Jumper (DS)

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

J H Kang (JH)

Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea.

D Kapukchyan (D)

University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

S Karthas (S)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

D Kawall (D)

Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA.

A V Kazantsev (AV)

National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123098 Russia.

V Khachatryan (V)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

A Khanzadeev (A)

PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia.

A Khatiwada (A)

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

C Kim (C)

University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.

E-J Kim (EJ)

Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.

M Kim (M)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.

D Kincses (D)

ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary.

A Kingan (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

E Kistenev (E)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

J Klatsky (J)

Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.

P Kline (P)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

T Koblesky (T)

University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

D Kotov (D)

PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia.
Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia.

S Kudo (S)

Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

B Kurgyis (B)

ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary.

K Kurita (K)

Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.

Y Kwon (Y)

Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea.

J G Lajoie (JG)

Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.

D Larionova (D)

Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia.

A Lebedev (A)

Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.

S Lee (S)

Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea.

S H Lee (SH)

Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

M J Leitch (MJ)

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

Y H Leung (YH)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

N A Lewis (NA)

Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA.

X Li (X)

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

S H Lim (SH)

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea.
Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea.

M X Liu (MX)

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

V-R Loggins (VR)

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

S Lökös (S)

ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary.

D A Loomis (DA)

Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA.

K Lovasz (K)

Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary.

D Lynch (D)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

T Majoros (T)

Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary.

Y I Makdisi (YI)

Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

M Makek (M)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32 HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia.

V I Manko (VI)

National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123098 Russia.

E Mannel (E)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

M McCumber (M)

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

P L McGaughey (PL)

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

D McGlinchey (D)

University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

C McKinney (C)

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

M Mendoza (M)

University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

A C Mignerey (AC)

University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

A Milov (A)

Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.

D K Mishra (DK)

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India.

J T Mitchell (JT)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

Iu Mitrankov (I)

Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia.

M Mitrankova (M)

Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia.

G Mitsuka (G)

KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

S Miyasaka (S)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.

S Mizuno (S)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

M M Mondal (MM)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

P Montuenga (P)

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

T Moon (T)

Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea.

D P Morrison (DP)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

B Mulilo (B)

Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

T Murakami (T)

Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

J Murata (J)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.

K Nagai (K)

Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.

K Nagashima (K)

Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

T Nagashima (T)

Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.

J L Nagle (JL)

University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

M I Nagy (MI)

ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary.

I Nakagawa (I)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

K Nakano (K)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.

C Nattrass (C)

University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.

S Nelson (S)

Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA.

T Niida (T)

Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

R Nouicer (R)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

T Novák (T)

Eszterházy Károly University, Károly Róbert Campus, H-3200 Gyöngyös, Mátrai út 36, Hungary.
Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary.

N Novitzky (N)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.
Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

G Nukazuka (G)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

A S Nyanin (AS)

National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123098 Russia.

E O'Brien (E)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

C A Ogilvie (CA)

Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.

J D Orjuela Koop (JD)

University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

J D Osborn (JD)

Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.

A Oskarsson (A)

Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.

G J Ottino (GJ)

University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.

K Ozawa (K)

KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

V Pantuev (V)

Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia.

V Papavassiliou (V)

New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.

J S Park (JS)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.

S Park (S)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

S F Pate (SF)

New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.

M Patel (M)

Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.

W Peng (W)

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.

D V Perepelitsa (DV)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

G D N Perera (GDN)

New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.

D Yu Peressounko (DY)

National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123098 Russia.

C E PerezLara (CE)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

J Perry (J)

Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.

R Petti (R)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

M Phipps (M)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

C Pinkenburg (C)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

R P Pisani (RP)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

M Potekhin (M)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

A Pun (A)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.

M L Purschke (ML)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

P V Radzevich (PV)

Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia.

N Ramasubramanian (N)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

K F Read (KF)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.

D Reynolds (D)

Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA.

V Riabov (V)

National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia.
PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia.

Y Riabov (Y)

PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia.
Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia.

D Richford (D)

Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA.

T Rinn (T)

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.

S D Rolnick (SD)

University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

M Rosati (M)

Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.

Z Rowan (Z)

Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA.

J Runchey (J)

Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.

A S Safonov (AS)

Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia.

T Sakaguchi (T)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

H Sako (H)

Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan.

V Samsonov (V)

National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia.
PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia.

M Sarsour (M)

Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.

S Sato (S)

Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan.

B Schaefer (B)

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.

B K Schmoll (BK)

University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.

K Sedgwick (K)

University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

R Seidl (R)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

A Sen (A)

Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.

R Seto (R)

University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

A Sexton (A)

University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.

D Sharma (D)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

D Sharma (D)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

I Shein (I)

IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

T-A Shibata (TA)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.

K Shigaki (K)

Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

M Shimomura (M)

Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan.

T Shioya (T)

Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

P Shukla (P)

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India.

A Sickles (A)

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

C L Silva (CL)

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

D Silvermyr (D)

Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.

B K Singh (BK)

Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.

C P Singh (CP)

Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.

V Singh (V)

Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.

M Slunečka (M)

Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic.

K L Smith (KL)

Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.

M Snowball (M)

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

R A Soltz (RA)

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.

W E Sondheim (WE)

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

S P Sorensen (SP)

University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.

I V Sourikova (IV)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

P W Stankus (PW)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.

S P Stoll (SP)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

T Sugitate (T)

Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

A Sukhanov (A)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

T Sumita (T)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

J Sun (J)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

Z Sun (Z)

Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary.

J Sziklai (J)

Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary.

K Tanida (K)

Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.

M J Tannenbaum (MJ)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

S Tarafdar (S)

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.

A Taranenko (A)

National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia.

G Tarnai (G)

Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary.

R Tieulent (R)

Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
IPNL, CNRS/IN2P3, Univ Lyon, Universit Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.

A Timilsina (A)

Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.

T Todoroki (T)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

M Tomášek (M)

Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic.

C L Towell (CL)

Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA.

R S Towell (RS)

Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA.

I Tserruya (I)

Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.

Y Ueda (Y)

Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

B Ujvari (B)

Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary.

H W van Hecke (HW)

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

J Velkovska (J)

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.

M Virius (M)

Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic.

V Vrba (V)

Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic.

N Vukman (N)

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32 HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia.

X R Wang (XR)

New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

Y S Watanabe (YS)

Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

C P Wong (CP)

Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.

C L Woody (CL)

Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

C Xu (C)

New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.

Q Xu (Q)

Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.

L Xue (L)

Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.

S Yalcin (S)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

Y L Yamaguchi (YL)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.

H Yamamoto (H)

Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

A Yanovich (A)

IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.

J H Yoo (JH)

Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.

I Yoon (I)

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.

H Yu (H)

New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.
Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.

I E Yushmanov (IE)

National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123098 Russia.

W A Zajc (WA)

Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA.

A Zelenski (A)

Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.

S Zharko (S)

Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia.

L Zou (L)

University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

Classifications MeSH