Hallmarks of immune response in COVID-19: Exploring dysregulation and exhaustion.
Cytokines
Exhaustion
Immune dysregulation
Lymphocytes
SARS-CoV-2
Journal
Seminars in immunology
ISSN: 1096-3618
Titre abrégé: Semin Immunol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9009458
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2021
06 2021
Historique:
received:
30
07
2021
revised:
11
10
2021
accepted:
15
10
2021
pubmed:
4
11
2021
medline:
21
12
2021
entrez:
3
11
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
One and half year following the occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic, significant efforts from laboratories all over the world generated a huge amount of data describing the prototypical features of immunity in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this Review, we rationalize and organize the main observations, trying to define a "core" signature of immunity in COVID-19. We identified six hallmarks describing the main alterations occurring in the early infection phase and in the course of the disease, which predispose to severe illness. The six hallmarks are dysregulated type I IFN activity, hyperinflammation, lymphopenia, lymphocyte impairment, dysregulated myeloid response, and heterogeneous adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Dysregulation and exhaustion came out as the trait d'union, connecting abnormalities affecting both innate and adaptive immunity, humoral and cellular responses.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34728121
pii: S1044-5323(21)00039-7
doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101508
pmc: PMC8547971
pii:
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
101508Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.