Ecology and Epidemiology of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in the Northeastern United States: An Historical Perspective.
eastern equine encephalitis virus
mosquitoe
northeastern US
vector
Journal
Journal of medical entomology
ISSN: 1938-2928
Titre abrégé: J Med Entomol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0375400
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
12 01 2022
12 01 2022
Historique:
received:
16
02
2021
pubmed:
5
11
2021
medline:
9
2
2022
entrez:
4
11
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
In the current review, we examine the regional history, ecology, and epidemiology of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) to investigate the major drivers of disease outbreaks in the northeastern United States. EEEV was first recognized as a public health threat during an outbreak in eastern Massachusetts in 1938, but historical evidence for equine epizootics date back to the 1800s. Since then, sporadic disease outbreaks have reoccurred in the Northeast with increasing frequency and northward expansion of human cases during the last 20 yr. Culiseta melanura (Coquillett) (Diptera: Culicidae) serves as the main enzootic vector that drives EEEV transmission among wild birds, but this mosquito species will occasionally feed on mammals. Several species have been implicated as bridge vectors to horses and humans, with Coquilletstidia perturbans (Walker) as a leading suspect based on its opportunistic feeding behavior, vector competence, and high infection rates during recent disease outbreaks. A diversity of bird species are reservoir competent, exposed to EEEV, and serve as hosts for Cs. melanura, with a few species, including the wood thrush (Hlocichia mustelina) and the American robin (Turdus migratorius), contributing disproportionately to virus transmission based on available evidence. The major factors responsible for the sustained resurgence of EEEV are considered and may be linked to regional landscape and climate changes that support higher mosquito densities and more intense virus transmission.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34734628
pii: 6420395
doi: 10.1093/jme/tjab077
pmc: PMC8755988
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1-13Subventions
Organisme : NCEZID CDC HHS
ID : U01 CK000509
Pays : United States
Informations de copyright
© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.
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