Current state of cannabis use, policies, and research across sixteen countries: cross-country comparisons and international perspectives.
Cannabis
global health
legalization
policies
research
Journal
Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy
ISSN: 2238-0019
Titre abrégé: Trends Psychiatry Psychother
Pays: Brazil
ID NLM: 101610695
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
14 Jul 2022
14 Jul 2022
Historique:
received:
17
03
2021
accepted:
22
10
2021
pubmed:
5
11
2021
medline:
19
7
2022
entrez:
4
11
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Varying public views on cannabis use across countries may explain the variation in the prevalence of use, policies, and research in individual countries, and global regulation of cannabis. This paper aims to describe the current state of cannabis use, policies, and research across sixteen countries. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for studies published from 2010 to 2020. Searches were conducted using the relevant country of interest as a search term (e.g., "Iran"), as well as relevant predefined keywords such as "cannabis," "marijuana," "hashish," "bhang "dual diagnosis," "use," "addiction," "prevalence," "co-morbidity," "substance use disorder," "legalization" or "policy" (in English and non-English languages). These keywords were used in multiple combinations to create the search string for studies' titles and abstracts. Official websites of respective governments and international organizations were also searched in English and non-English languages (using countries national languages) to identify the current state of cannabis use, policies, and research in each of those countries. The main findings were inconsistent and heterogeneous reporting of cannabis use, variation in policies (e.g., legalization), and variation in intervention strategies across the countries reviewed. European countries dominate the cannabis research output indexed on PubMed, in contrast to Asian countries (Thailand, Malaysia, India, Iran, and Nepal). Although global cannabis regulation is ongoing, the existing heterogeneities across countries in terms of policies and epidemiology can increase the burden of cannabis use disorders disproportionately and unpredictably. There is an urgent need to develop global strategies to address these cross-country barriers to improve early detection, prevention, and interventions for cannabis use and related disorders.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34735077
doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0263
pmc: PMC9490942
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e20210263Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
No conflicts of interest declared concerning the publication of this article.
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