Breastfeeding Contributes to Physiological Immune Programming in the Newborn.
breastfeeding
immunity
maternal programming
microbiome
newborn
Journal
Frontiers in pediatrics
ISSN: 2296-2360
Titre abrégé: Front Pediatr
Pays: Switzerland
ID NLM: 101615492
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
19
07
2021
accepted:
20
09
2021
entrez:
8
11
2021
pubmed:
9
11
2021
medline:
9
11
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The first 1,000 days in the life of a human being are a vulnerable stage where early stimuli may program adverse health outcomes in future life. Proper maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy modulates the development of the fetus, a physiological process known as fetal programming. Defective programming promotes non-communicable chronic diseases in the newborn which might be prevented by postnatal interventions such as breastfeeding. Breast milk provides distinct bioactive molecules that contribute to immune maturation, organ development, and healthy microbial gut colonization, and also secures a proper immunological response that protects against infection and inflammation in the newborn. The gut microbiome provides the most critical immune microbial stimulation in the newborn in early life, allowing a well-trained immune system and efficient metabolic settings in healthy subjects. Conversely, negative fetal programming by exposing mothers to diets rich in fat and sugar has profound effects on breast milk composition and alters the immune profiles in the newborn. At this new stage, newborns become vulnerable to immune compromise, favoring susceptibility to defective microbial gut colonization and immune response. This review will focus on the importance of breastfeeding and its immunological biocomponents that allow physiological immune programming in the newborn. We will highlight the importance of immunological settings by breastfeeding, allowing proper microbial gut colonization in the newborn as a window of opportunity to secure effective immunological response.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34746058
doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.744104
pmc: PMC8567139
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
744104Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021 Camacho-Morales, Caba, García-Juárez, Caba-Flores, Viveros-Contreras and Martínez-Valenzuela.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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