Violence-related deaths among people released from incarceration: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Violence
death
incarceration
meta-analysis
prison
systematic review
youth detention
Journal
EClinicalMedicine
ISSN: 2589-5370
Titre abrégé: EClinicalMedicine
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101733727
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Nov 2021
Nov 2021
Historique:
entrez:
8
11
2021
pubmed:
9
11
2021
medline:
9
11
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
People released from incarceration have an increased risk of violence-related death. As deaths from violence are a rare event, meta-analysis is needed to calculate reliable estimates of this risk. We examined the crude mortality rates (CMRs), standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), and predictive factors for violence-related deaths among people released from incarceration. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, CINCH, and Criminal Justice Abstracts from inception to 14 September 2020 for cohort studies published in English that examined violence-related deaths occurring in the community following release from adult or youth incarceration. We used the Methodological Standard for Epidemiological Research (MASTER) scale to assess the quality of included studies. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate pooled estimates of the CMRs and SMRs. Heterogeneity was assessed using univariable meta-regression. This review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42020209422). Our search identified 2,489 records, from which 11 studies met the eligibility criteria. The pooled CMR for violence-related deaths after release from incarceration was 78·7 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI 58·0-99·5). The pooled SMR was 7·6 (95%CI 2·4-12·8). The estimate of heterogeneity was high (I People released from incarceration are almost eight times more likely to die from violence than the general population. Violence-related deaths are preventable, and the high rate at which they occur after release from incarceration represents an important public health issue requiring targeted, evidence-based response. None.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
People released from incarceration have an increased risk of violence-related death. As deaths from violence are a rare event, meta-analysis is needed to calculate reliable estimates of this risk. We examined the crude mortality rates (CMRs), standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), and predictive factors for violence-related deaths among people released from incarceration.
METHODS
METHODS
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, CINCH, and Criminal Justice Abstracts from inception to 14 September 2020 for cohort studies published in English that examined violence-related deaths occurring in the community following release from adult or youth incarceration. We used the Methodological Standard for Epidemiological Research (MASTER) scale to assess the quality of included studies. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate pooled estimates of the CMRs and SMRs. Heterogeneity was assessed using univariable meta-regression. This review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42020209422).
FINDINGS
RESULTS
Our search identified 2,489 records, from which 11 studies met the eligibility criteria. The pooled CMR for violence-related deaths after release from incarceration was 78·7 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI 58·0-99·5). The pooled SMR was 7·6 (95%CI 2·4-12·8). The estimate of heterogeneity was high (I
INTERPRETATION
CONCLUSIONS
People released from incarceration are almost eight times more likely to die from violence than the general population. Violence-related deaths are preventable, and the high rate at which they occur after release from incarceration represents an important public health issue requiring targeted, evidence-based response.
FUNDING
BACKGROUND
None.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34746721
doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101162
pii: S2589-5370(21)00442-9
pmc: PMC8551597
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
101162Informations de copyright
© 2021 The Authors.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
Ms. Willoughby has nothing to disclose. Dr. Young has nothing to disclose. A/Prof Spittal has nothing to disclose. A/Prof Borschmann has nothing to disclose. Ms Janca has nothing to disclose. Prof Kinner has nothing to disclose.
Références
J Interpers Violence. 2020 Feb 13;:886260520905546
pubmed: 32054375
Eur J Epidemiol. 2007;22(7):417-28
pubmed: 17668280
Pediatrics. 2014 Jul;134(1):63-73
pubmed: 24936005
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2019 Jan-Mar;51(1):58-67
pubmed: 30626264
PLoS Med. 2009 Aug;6(8):e1000120
pubmed: 19668362
Bull World Health Organ. 2012 Feb 1;90(2):88-96
pubmed: 22423159
Public Health Rep. 2018 Nov/Dec;133(1_suppl):65S-79S
pubmed: 30426878
Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2012 Apr;28(2):138-44
pubmed: 22559755
BMJ Open. 2021 Jan 20;11(1):e045601
pubmed: 33472793
Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2019 Jun;17(2):106-120
pubmed: 31094882
Am J Public Health. 2008 Dec;98(12):2278-84
pubmed: 18923131
Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2012;22(3):276-82
pubmed: 23092060
PLoS Med. 2009 Jul 21;6(7):e1000097
pubmed: 19621072
Violence Vict. 2009;24(4):469-84
pubmed: 19694352
Lancet. 2002 Oct 5;360(9339):1083-8
pubmed: 12384003
AIDS Behav. 2009 Jun;13(3):509-22
pubmed: 18636325
J Addict Dis. 2012;31(3):258-69
pubmed: 22873187
Lancet Psychiatry. 2014 Jun;1(1):44-54
pubmed: 25110636
J Clin Epidemiol. 2020 Feb;118:42-54
pubmed: 31698064
JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Jan 3;3(1):e1919325
pubmed: 31922554
Int J Popul Data Sci. 2020 Jan 25;5(1):1145
pubmed: 32935053
Lancet Psychiatry. 2015 May;2(5):422-430
pubmed: 26360286
Am J Public Health. 2012 Dec;102(12):e67-75
pubmed: 23078476
Am J Epidemiol. 2012 Mar 15;175(6):519-26
pubmed: 22331462
Addiction. 2013 Jan;108(1):38-49
pubmed: 23163705
JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Oct 2;2(10):e1912516
pubmed: 31584680
Med J Aust. 2004 Nov 1;181(9):473-7
pubmed: 15516189
Epidemiol Rev. 2018 Jun 1;40(1):4-11
pubmed: 29860342
Cien Saude Colet. 2017 Sep;22(9):3087-3097
pubmed: 28954159
BMJ. 2011 Feb 10;342:d549
pubmed: 21310794
Ann Epidemiol. 2020 May;45:54-60
pubmed: 32327270
Health Promot Int. 2002 Dec;17(4):293-5
pubmed: 12406917
N S W Public Health Bull. 2006 Jan-Feb;17(1-2):17-20
pubmed: 16855639
Lancet Public Health. 2020 Feb;5(2):e114-e126
pubmed: 31954434
PLoS One. 2016 May 19;11(5):e0155906
pubmed: 27196309
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018 Mar;2(3):223-228
pubmed: 30169257
Res Synth Methods. 2017 Mar;8(1):5-18
pubmed: 28058794
Am J Public Health. 2015 May;105(5):e51-7
pubmed: 25790417
Violence Vict. 2015;30(6):1019-36
pubmed: 26440107
Ann Intern Med. 2013 Nov 5;159(9):592-600
pubmed: 24189594