Psychological Wellbeing and Perceived Social Acceptance in Gender Diverse Individuals.

Female Gender Dysphoria Gender Identity Humans Infant, Newborn Male Social Status Transsexualism
Gender Diverse People Gender Identity Gender Spectrum Non-Standard Gender-Affirming Treatment Perceived Discrimination

Journal

The journal of sexual medicine
ISSN: 1743-6109
Titre abrégé: J Sex Med
Pays: Netherlands
ID NLM: 101230693

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
11 2021
Historique:
received: 12 11 2020
revised: 21 08 2021
accepted: 23 08 2021
entrez: 9 11 2021
pubmed: 10 11 2021
medline: 15 12 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Over the last few years, the gender binary has been questioned, highlighting the existence of gender diverse people, who identify as neither (exclusively) male nor female. The present study evaluated the possible differences in terms of psychological wellbeing between binary and gender diverse individuals, as well as the role of perceived social acceptance and religious fundamentalism as possible mediators of psychopathology in gender diverse people. Furthermore, the diversity of gender-affirming hormonal treatment requests according to gender identification was investigated. A sample of 563 transgender people aged 18-70 was enrolled (n = 264 assigned female at birth, AFAB and n = 299 assigned male at birth, AMAB), all individuals referring to several Italian gender clinics. A subdivision of the study population based on the gender identity visual analog scale (GI-VAS) median was performed, in order to distinguish between gender diverse and binary transgender individuals. Moreover, a linear regression analysis was performed entering logarithmically transformed GI-VAS (Log GI-VAS) into the models with psychometric scales. Psychometric and sociodemographic data, as well as information regarding requests for gender-affirming treatments, were extrapolated from the clinical interviews conducted during the first referral. Gender diverse individuals showed significantly less intense gender dysphoria and higher levels of depression and anxiety compared to binary ones; accordingly, a less binary gender identity correlated with higher levels of depression and anxiety and lower levels of gender dysphoria. The depressive symptomatology in gender diverse people was partially mediated by perceived discrimination and humiliation. Moreover, gender diverse AMAB people sought a non-standard hormonal treatment more often than their binary counterpart. The present study highlights the importance for transgender health professionals, when planning gender-affirming hormonal treatments, to offer flexible interventions, tailored on the patient's needs and goals. Strengths included exploring whether and how perceived discrimination may affect mental health in gender diverse people. Limitations included the enrolled sample of people referring to different gender clinics, which is not fully representative of the transgender population. This study highlights the importance of evaluating each individual's unique health care needs, exploring each single request and its underlying reasons. Romani A., Mazzoli F., Ristori J., et al. Psychological Wellbeing and Perceived Social Acceptance in Gender Diverse Individuals. J Sex Med 2021;18:1933-1944.

Sections du résumé

BACKGROUND
Over the last few years, the gender binary has been questioned, highlighting the existence of gender diverse people, who identify as neither (exclusively) male nor female.
AIM
The present study evaluated the possible differences in terms of psychological wellbeing between binary and gender diverse individuals, as well as the role of perceived social acceptance and religious fundamentalism as possible mediators of psychopathology in gender diverse people. Furthermore, the diversity of gender-affirming hormonal treatment requests according to gender identification was investigated.
METHODS
A sample of 563 transgender people aged 18-70 was enrolled (n = 264 assigned female at birth, AFAB and n = 299 assigned male at birth, AMAB), all individuals referring to several Italian gender clinics. A subdivision of the study population based on the gender identity visual analog scale (GI-VAS) median was performed, in order to distinguish between gender diverse and binary transgender individuals. Moreover, a linear regression analysis was performed entering logarithmically transformed GI-VAS (Log GI-VAS) into the models with psychometric scales.
OUTCOMES
Psychometric and sociodemographic data, as well as information regarding requests for gender-affirming treatments, were extrapolated from the clinical interviews conducted during the first referral.
RESULTS
Gender diverse individuals showed significantly less intense gender dysphoria and higher levels of depression and anxiety compared to binary ones; accordingly, a less binary gender identity correlated with higher levels of depression and anxiety and lower levels of gender dysphoria. The depressive symptomatology in gender diverse people was partially mediated by perceived discrimination and humiliation. Moreover, gender diverse AMAB people sought a non-standard hormonal treatment more often than their binary counterpart.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
The present study highlights the importance for transgender health professionals, when planning gender-affirming hormonal treatments, to offer flexible interventions, tailored on the patient's needs and goals.
STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS
Strengths included exploring whether and how perceived discrimination may affect mental health in gender diverse people. Limitations included the enrolled sample of people referring to different gender clinics, which is not fully representative of the transgender population.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the importance of evaluating each individual's unique health care needs, exploring each single request and its underlying reasons. Romani A., Mazzoli F., Ristori J., et al. Psychological Wellbeing and Perceived Social Acceptance in Gender Diverse Individuals. J Sex Med 2021;18:1933-1944.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.08.012 PMID: 34749989
pubmed: 34749989
pii: S1743-6095(21)00659-7
doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.08.012
pii:
doi:

Types de publication

Journal Article

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1933-1944

Informations de copyright

Copyright © 2021 International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Auteurs

Alessia Romani (A)

Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Florence University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy.

Francesca Mazzoli (F)

Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Florence University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy.

Jiska Ristori (J)

Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Florence University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy.

Carlotta Cocchetti (C)

Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Florence University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy.

Emanuele Cassioli (E)

Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Giovanni Castellini (G)

Psychiatry Unit, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Maddalena Mosconi (M)

Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma, Italy.

Maria Cristina Meriggiola (MC)

University of Bologna-Faculty of Medicine, Bologna, Italy.

Sara Gualdi (S)

Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Guido Giovanardi (G)

Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Vittorio Lingiardi (V)

Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Linda Vignozzi (L)

Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Florence University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy.

Mario Maggi (M)

Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy. Electronic address: m.maggi@DFC.UNIFI.IT.

Alessandra D Fisher (AD)

Andrology, Women's Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Florence University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy. Electronic address: alessandra.fisher@gmail.com.

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Troubles mentaux › Dysfonctionnements sexuels psychogènes › Dysphorie de genre › Psychological Wellbeing and Perceived Social...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes psychologiques › Théorie psychologique › Théorie psychanalytique › Développement psychosexuel › Identité de genre › Psychological Wellbeing and Perceived Social...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › Psychological Wellbeing and Perceived Social...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Nourrisson › Nouveau-né › Psychological Wellbeing and Perceived Social...
questionsmedicales.fr › Sciences sociales › Sociologie › Édifice social › Statut social › Psychological Wellbeing and Perceived Social...
questionsmedicales.fr › Comportement et mécanismes comportementaux › Comportement › Comportement sexuel › Transsexualisme › Psychological Wellbeing and Perceived Social...