Unravelling similarities and differences in the role of circular and linear PVT1 in cancer and human disease.
Journal
British journal of cancer
ISSN: 1532-1827
Titre abrégé: Br J Cancer
Pays: England
ID NLM: 0370635
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
04 2022
04 2022
Historique:
received:
16
04
2021
accepted:
04
10
2021
revised:
27
08
2021
pubmed:
11
11
2021
medline:
6
4
2022
entrez:
10
11
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is a long non-coding RNA gene involved in human disease, mainly in cancer onset/progression. Although widely analysed, its biological roles need to be further clarified. Notably, functional studies on PVT1 are complicated by the occurrence of multiple transcript variants, linear and circular, which generate technical issues in the experimental procedures used to evaluate its impact on human disease. Among the many PVT1 transcripts, the linear PVT1 (lncPVT1) and the circular hsa_circ_0001821 (circPVT1) are frequently reported to perform similar pathologic and pro-tumorigenic functions when overexpressed. The stimulation of cell proliferation, invasion and drug resistance, cell metabolism regulation, and apoptosis inhibition is controlled through multiple targets, including MYC, p21, STAT3, vimentin, cadherins, the PI3K/AKT, HK2, BCL2, and CASP3. However, some of this evidence may originate from an incorrect evaluation of these transcripts as two separate molecules, as they share the lncPVT1 exon-2 sequence. We here summarise lncPVT1/circPVT1 functions by mainly focusing on shared pathways, pointing out the potential bias that may exist when the biological role of each transcript is analysed. These considerations may improve the knowledge about lncPVT1/circPVT1 and their specific targets, which deserve further studies due to their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34754096
doi: 10.1038/s41416-021-01584-7
pii: 10.1038/s41416-021-01584-7
pmc: PMC8927338
doi:
Substances chimiques
MicroRNAs
0
PVT1 long-non-coding RNA, human
0
RNA, Long Noncoding
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
835-850Commentaires et corrections
Type : CommentIn
Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s).
Références
Losko M, Kotlinowski J, Jura J. Long noncoding RNAs in metabolic syndrome related disorders. Mediators Inflam. 2016;2016:5365209.
Esteller M. Non-coding RNAs in human disease. Nat Rev Genet. 2011;12:861–74.
Uszczynska-Ratajczak B, Lagarde J, Frankish A, Guigó R, Johnson R. Towards a complete map of the human long non-coding RNA transcriptome. Nat Rev Gene. 2018;19:535–48.
Kristensen LS, Hansen TB, Venø MT, Kjems J. Circular RNAs in cancer: opportunities and challenges in the field. Oncogene. 2018;37:555–65.
Kristensen LS, Andersen MS, Stagsted LVW, Ebbesen KK, Hansen TB, Kjems J. The biogenesis, biology and characterization of circular RNAs. Nat Rev Genet. 2019;20:675–91.
Van Der Steen N, Lyu Y, Hitzler AK, Becker AC, Seiler J, Diederichs S. The circular rna landscape of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancers. 2020;12:1091.
Ghetti M, Vannini I, Storlazzi CT, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. Linear and circular PVT1 in hematological malignancies and immune response: two faces of the same coin. Mol Cancer. 2020;19:1–15.
Guan Y, Kuo WL, Stilwell JL, Takano H, Lapuk AV, Fridlyand J, et al. Amplification of PVT1 contributes to the pathophysiology of ovarian and breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:5745–55.
Carramusa L, Contino F, Ferro A, Minafra L, Perconti G, Giallongo A, et al. The PVT-1 oncogene is a Myc protein target that is overexpressed in transformed cells. J Cell Physiol. 2007;213:511–8.
Liu E, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Mi R, Wang D. Overexpression of long non-coding RNA PVT1 in ovarian cancer cells promotes cisplatin resistance by regulating apoptotic pathways. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8:20565.
Huppi K, Pitt JJ, Wahlberg BM, Caplen NJ. The 8q24 gene desert: an oasis of non-coding transcriptional activity. Front Genet. 2012;3:69.
Dudekula DB, Panda AC, Grammatikakis I, De S, Abdelmohsen K, Gorospe M. Circinteractome: a web tool for exploring circular RNAs and their interacting proteins and microRNAs. RNA Biol. 2016;13:34-42.
Glažar P, Papavasileiou P, Rajewsky N. CircBase: a database for circular RNAs. RNA. 2014;20:1666–70.
Pal G, Ogunwobi OO. Copy number-based quantification assay for non-invasive detection of PVT1-derived transcripts. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0226620.
He F, Song Z, Chen H, Chen Z, Yang P, Li W, et al. Long noncoding RNA PVT1-214 promotes proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer by stabilizing Lin28 and interacting with miR-128. Oncogene. 2019;38:164–79.
Martínez-Barriocanal Á, Arango D, Dopeso H. PVT1 long non-coding RNA in gastrointestinal cancer. Front Oncol. 2020;10:38.
Pal G, Di L, Orunmuyi A, Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa E, Qiu W, Ogunwobi OO. Population differentiation at the PVT1 gene locus: implications for prostate cancer. G3 Genes, Genomes, Genet. 2020;10:2257–64.
Barsotti AM, Beckerman R, Laptenko O, Huppi K, Caplen NJ, Prives C. p53-dependent induction of PVT1 and miR-1204. J Biol Chem. 2012;287:2509–19.
Olivero CE, Martínez-Terroba E, Zimmer J, Liao C, Tesfaye E, Hooshdaran N, et al. p53 activates the long noncoding RNA Pvt1b to inhibit Myc and suppress tumorigenesis. Mol Cell. 2020;77:761–74.
Memczak S, Jens M, Elefsinioti A, Torti F, Krueger J, Rybak A, et al. Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency. Nature. 2013;495:333–8.
Jeck WR, Sorrentino JA, Wang K, Slevin MK, Burd CE, Liu J, et al. Circular RNAs are abundant, conserved, and associated with ALU repeats. RNA. 2013;19:141–57.
Rybak-Wolf A, Stottmeister C, Glažar P, Jens M, Pino N, Giusti S, et al. Circular RNAs in the mammalian brain are highly abundant, conserved, and dynamically expressed. Mol Cell. 2014;58:870–85.
Salzman J, Chen RE, Olsen MN, Wang PL, Brown PO. Cell-type specific features of circular RNA expression. PLoS Genet. 2013;9:e1003777.
Wang H, Wei M, Kang Y, Xing J, Zhao Y. Circular RNA circ_PVT1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition to promote metastasis of cervical cancer. Aging. 2020;12:20139.
Chen J, Li Y, Zheng Q, Bao C, He J, Chen B, et al. Circular RNA profile identifies circPVT1 as a proliferative factor and prognostic marker in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett. 2017;388: 208–19.
Turnbull C, Ahmed S, Morrison J, Pernet D, Renwick A, Maranian M, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies five new breast cancer susceptibility loci. Nat Genet. 2010;42:504–7.
Kastler S, Honold L, Luedeke M, Kuefer R, Möller P, Hoegel J, et al. POU5F1P1, a putative cancer susceptibility gene, is overexpressed in prostatic carcinoma. Prostate. 2010;70:666–74.
Ahmadiyeh N, Pomerantz MM, Grisanzio C, Herman P, Jia L, Almendro V, et al. 8q24 prostate, breast, and colon cancer risk loci show tissue-specific long-range interaction with MYC. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107:9742–6.
Walker BA, Wardell CP, Brioli A, Boyle E, Kaiser MF, Begum DB, et al. Translocations at 8q24 juxtapose MYC with genes that harbor superenhancers resulting in overexpression and poor prognosis in myeloma patients. Blood Cancer J. 2014;4:e191.
Boerma EG, Siebert R, Kluin PM, Baudis M. Translocations involving 8q24 in Burkitt lymphoma and other malignant lymphomas: a historical review of cytogenetics in the light of todays knowledge. Leukemia. 2009;23:225–34.
Macchia G, Lonoce A, Venuto S, Macrí E, Palumbo O, Carella M, et al. A rare but recurrent t(8;13)(q24;q14) translocation in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia causing MYC up-regulation and concomitant loss of PVT1, miR-15/16 and DLEU7. Br J Haematol. 2016;172:296–9.
Li Y, Hu S, Wang SA, Li S, Huh YO, Tang Z, et al. The clinical significance of 8q24/MYC rearrangement in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mod Pathol. 2016;29:444–51.
L′Abbate A, Tolomeo D, Cifola I, Severgnini M, Turchiano A, Augello B, et al. MYC-containing amplicons in acute myeloid leukemia: genomic structures, evolution, and transcriptional consequences. Leukemia. 2018;32:2152–66.
Tolomeo D, Agostini A, Visci G, Traversa D, Storlazzi CT. PVT1: a long non-coding RNA recurrently involved in neoplasia-associated fusion transcripts. Gene. 2021;779:145497.
doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145497
Storlazzi CT, Fioretos T, Surace C, Lonoce A, Mastrorilli A, Strömbeck B, et al. MYC-containing double minutes in hematologic malignancies: evidence in favor of the episome model and exclusion of MYC as the target gene. Hum Mol Genet. 2006;15:933–42.
Pophali PA, Marinelli LM, Ketterling RP, Meyer RG, McPhail ED, Kurtin PJ, et al. High level MYC amplification in B-cell lymphomas: is it a marker of aggressive disease? Blood Cancer J. 2020;10:1–9.
Kang JU. Chromosome 8q as the most frequent target for amplification in early gastric carcinoma. Oncol Lett. 2014;7:1139–43.
Brägelmann J, Böhm S, Guthrie MR, Mollaoglu G, Oliver TG, Sos ML. Family matters: how MYC family oncogenes impact small cell lung cancer. Cell Cycle. 2017;16:1489-–98.
Deming SL, Nass SJ, Dickson RB, Trock BJ. C-myc amplification in breast cancer: a meta-analysis of its occurrence and prognostic relevance. Br J Cancer. 2000;83:1688-–95.
Zitterbart K, Filkova H, Tomasikova L, Necesalova E, Zambo I, Kantorova D, et al. Low-level copy number changes of MYC genes have a prognostic impact in medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol. 2011;102:25-33.
Abeysinghe HR, Cedrone E, Tyan T, Xu J, Wang N. Amplification of C-MYC as the origin of the homogeneous staining region in ovarian carcinoma detected by micro-FISH. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 1999;114:136–43.
Suehiro Y, Umayahara K, Ogata H, Numa F, Yamashita Y, Oga A, et al. Genetic aberrations detected by comparative genomic hybridization predict outcome in patients with endometrioid carcinoma. Genes Chromosom Cancer. 2000;29:75-82.
Al-Kuraya K, Novotny H, Bavi P, Siraj AK, Uddin S, Ezzat A, et al. HER2, TOP2A, CCND1, EGFR and C-MYC oncogene amplification in colorectal cancer. J Clin Pathol. 2007;60:768–72.
Storlazzi CT, Fioretos T, Paulsson K, Strömbeck B, Lassen C, Ahlgren T, et al. Identification of a commonly amplified 4.3 Mb region with overexpression of C8FW, but not MYC in MYC-containing double minutes in myeloid malignancies. Hum Mol Genet. 2004;13:1479–85.
Takahashi Y, Sawada G, Kurashige J, Uchi R, Matsumura T, Ueo H, et al. Amplification of PVT-1 is involved in poor prognosis via apoptosis inhibition in colorectal cancers. Br J Cancer. 2014;110:164–71.
Haverty PM, Hon LS, Kaminker JS, Chant J, Zhang Z. High-resolution analysis of copy number alterations and associated expression changes in ovarian tumors. BMC Med Genomics. 2009;2:1–15.
Tseng YY, Moriarity BS, Gong W, Akiyama R, Tiwari A, Kawakami H, et al. PVT1 dependence in cancer with MYC copy-number increase. Nature. 2014;512:82–6.
Cho SW, Xu J, Sun R, Mumbach MR, Carter AC, Chen YG, et al. Promoter of lncRNA gene PVT1 is a tumor-suppressor DNA boundary element. Cell. 2018;173:1398–412.
Wan L, Sun M, Liu GJ, Wei CC, Zhang EB, Kong R, et al. Long noncoding RNA PVT1 promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation through epigenetically regulating LATS2 expression. Mol Cancer Ther. 2016;15:1082–94.
Derderian C, Orunmuyi AT, Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa E, Ogunwobi OO. PVT1 signaling is a mediator of cancer progression. Front Oncol. 2019;9:502.
Wang W, Zhou R, Wu Y, Liu Y, Su W, Xiong W, et al. PVT1 promotes cancer progression via microRNAs. Front Oncol. 2019;9:609.
You Z, Xu S, Pang D. Long noncoding RNA PVT1 acts as an oncogenic driver in human pan-cancer. J Cell Physiol. 2020;235:7923–32.
Mao Z, Xu B, He L, Zhang G. PVT1 promotes angiogenesis by regulating miR-29c/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:5418.
Zhang X, Feng W, Zhang J, Ge L, Zhang Y, Jiang X, et al. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the TGF-ß/Smad pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Rep. 2018;40:1093–102.
Liu Z, Zhang H. LncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 is an oncogene in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2017;8:64273.
Zhang Y, Tan Y, Wang H, Xu M, Xu L. Long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) enhances proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pituitary adenoma cells by activating β-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclin D1 expression. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:7652.
Ghafouri-Fard S, Omrani MD, Taheri M. Long noncoding RNA PVT1: a highly dysregulated gene in malignancy. J Cell Physiol. 2020;235:818–35.
Qi G, Li L. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 contributes to cell growth and metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer by regulating miR-361-3p/SOX9 axis and activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;126:110100.
Zhou C, Yi C, Yi Y, Qin W, Yan Y, Dong X, et al. LncRNA PVT1 promotes gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer via activating Wnt/β-catenin and autophagy pathway through modulating the miR-619-5p/Pygo2 and miR-619-5p/ATG14 axes. Mol Cancer. 2020;19:1–24.
Yu C, Wang Y, Li G, She L, Zhang D, Chen X, et al. LncRNA PVT1 promotes malignant progression in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Cancer. 2018;9:3593.
Zhang L, Zhang D, Qin ZY, Li J, Shen ZY. The role and possible mechanism of long noncoding RNA PVT1 in modulating 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. IUBMB Life. 2020;72:1460–7.
Di Agostino S, Sorrentino G, Ingallina E, Valenti F, Ferraiuolo M, Bicciato S, et al. YAP enhances the pro‐proliferative transcriptional activity of mutant p53 proteins. EMBO Rep. 2016;17:188–201.
Verduci L, Ferraiuolo M, Sacconi A, Ganci F, Vitale J, Colombo T, et al. The oncogenic role of circPVT1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is mediated through the mutant p53/YAP/TEAD transcription-competent complex. Genome Biol. 2017;18:1–24.
Liu CX, Li X, Nan F, Jiang S, Gao X, Guo SK, et al. Structure and degradation of circular RNAs regulate PKR activation in innate immunity. Cell. 2019;177:865–80.
Cabili MN, Dunagin MC, McClanahan PD, Biaesch A, Padovan-Merhar O, Regev A, et al. Localization and abundance analysis of human lncRNAs at single-cell and single-molecule resolution. Genome Biol. 2015;16:1–16.
Kong R, Zhang EB, Yin DD, You LH, Xu TP, Chen WM, et al. Long noncoding RNA PVT1 indicates a poor prognosis of gastric cancer and promotes cell proliferation through epigenetically regulating p15 and p16. Mol Cancer. 2015;14:1–14.
Videira A, Beckedorff FC, daSilva LF, Verjovski-Almeida S. PVT1 signals an androgen-dependent transcriptional repression program in prostate cancer cells and a set of the repressed genes predicts high-risk tumors. Cell Commun Signal. 2021;19:1–16.
Jin L, Cai Q, Wang S, Wang S, Wang J, Quan Z. Long noncoding RNA PVT1 promoted gallbladder cancer proliferation by epigenetically suppressing miR-18b-5p via DNA methylation. Cell Death Dis. 2020;11:1–14.
Liu DW, Zhang JH, Liu FX, Wang XT, Pan SK, Jiang DK, et al. Silencing of long noncoding RNA PVT1 inhibits podocyte damage and apoptosis in diabetic nephropathy by upregulating FOXA1. Exp Mol Med. 2019;51:1–15.
Yu Y, Zhang M, Liu J, Xu B, Yang J, Wang N, et al. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 promotes cell proliferation and migration by silencing ANGPTL4 expression in cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2018;13:503–13.
Wang Y, Chen W, Lian J, Zhang H, Yu B, Zhang M, et al. The lncRNA PVT1 regulates nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation via activating the KAT2A acetyltransferase and stabilizing HIF-1α. Cell Death Differ. 2020;27:695–710.
Xu Y, Lian Y, Zhang Y, Huang S, Zuo Q, Yang N, et al. The long non-coding RNA PVT1 represses ANGPTL4 transcription through binding with EZH2 in trophoblast cell. J Cell Mol Med. 2018;22:1272–82.
Zhou Q, Chen J, Feng J, Wang J. Long noncoding RNA PVT1 modulates thyroid cancer cell proliferation by recruiting EZH2 and regulating thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). Tumor Biol. 2016;37:3105–13.
Guo G, Wang F, Han M, Gu Y, Duan X, Li L. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 facilitates cell proliferation by epigenetically regulating FOXF1 in breast cancer. RSC Adv. 2018;8:2740–50.
Liu HT, Fang L, Cheng YX, Sun Q. LncRNA PVT1 regulates prostate cancer cell growth by inducing the methylation of miR-146a. Cancer Med. 2016;5:3512–9.
Chen L, Ma D, Li Y, Li X, Zhao L, Zhang J, et al. Effect of long non-coding RNA PVT1 on cell proliferation and migration in melanoma. Int J Mol Med. 2018;41:1275–82.
Zhang S, Zhang G, Liu J. Long noncoding RNA PVT1 promotes cervical cancer progression through epigenetically silencing miR-200b. APMIS. 2016;124:649–58.
Jiang B, Yang B, Wang Q, Zheng X, Guo Y, Lu W. LncRNA PVT1 promotes hepatitis B virus‑positive liver cancer progression by disturbing histone methylation on the c‑Myc promoter. Oncol Rep. 2020;43:718–26.
Li X, Zhang Z, Jiang H, Li Q, Wang R, Pan H, et al. Circular RNA circPVT1 promotes proliferation and invasion through sponging miR-125b and activating E2F2 signaling in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;51:2324–40.
He T, Li X, Xie D, Tian L. Overexpressed circPVT1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma promotes proliferation by serving as a miRNA sponge. Mol Med Rep. 2019;20:3509–18.
Bu N, Dong Z, Zhang L, Zhu W, Wei F, Zheng S. Circpvt1 regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma via mir-377/trim23 axis. Cancer Manag Res. 2020;12:12945.
Huang T, Liu HW, Chen JQ, Wang SH, Hao LQ, Liu M, et al. The long noncoding RNA PVT1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA by sponging miR-186 in gastric cancer. Biomed Pharmacother. 2017;88:302–8.
Lan T, Yan X, Li Z, Xu X, Mao Q, Ma W, et al. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 serves as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-186-5p to promote the tumorigenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumor Biol. 2017;39:1010428317705338.
Qin S, Zhao Y, Lim G, Lin H, Zhang X, Zhang X. Circular RNA PVT1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-497 in promoting non-small cell lung cancer progression. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;111:244–50.
Bian Q. Circular rna pvt1 promotes the invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells through serving as a competing endogenous rna for mir-204-5p. Onco Targets Ther. 2019;12:11817.
Wang Z, Su M, Xiang B, Zhao K, Qin B. Circular RNA PVT1 promotes metastasis via miR-145 sponging in CRC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019;512:716–22.
Xu MD, Wang Y, Weng W, Wei P, Qi P, Zhang Q, et al. A positive feedback loop of lncRNA-PVT1 and FOXM1 facilitates gastric cancer growth and invasion. Clin Cancer Res. 2017;23:2071–80.
Yeh E, Cunningham M, Arnold H, Chasse D, Monteith T, Ivaldi G, et al. A signalling pathway controlling c-Myc degradation that impacts oncogenic transformation of human cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2004;6:308–18.
Zhao J, Du P, Cui P, Qin Y, Hu C, Wu J, et al. LncRNA PVT1 promotes angiogenesis via activating the STAT3/VEGFA axis in gastric cancer. Oncogene. 2018;37:4094–109.
Hu J, Han Q, Gu Y, Ma J, McGrath M, Qiao F, et al. Circular RNA PVT1 expression and its roles in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Epigenomics. 2018;10:723–32.
Panda AC, Grammatikakis I, Kim KM, De S, Martindale JL, Munk R, et al. Identification of senescence-associated circular RNAs (SAC-RNAs) reveals senescence suppressor CircPVT1. Nucleic Acids Res. 2017;45:4021–35.
Wu BQ, Jiang Y, Zhu F, Sun DL, He XZ. Long noncoding RNA PVT1 promotes EMT and cell proliferation and migration through downregulating p21 in pancreatic cancer cells. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2017;16:819–27.
Cui D, Yu CH, Liu M, Xia QQ, Zhang YF, Jiang WL. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Tumor Biol. 2016;37:4127–34.
Zheng C, Xiao Y, Li Y, He D. Knockdown of long non-coding RNA PVT1 inhibits the proliferation of raji cells through cell cycle regulation. Oncol Lett. 2019;18:1225–34.
Chi G, Yang F, Xu D, Liu W. Silencing hsa_circ_PVT1 (circPVT1) suppresses the growth and metastasis of glioblastoma multiforme cells by up-regulation of miR-199a-5p. Artif Cells, Nanomed Biotechnol. 2020;48:188–96.
Shang AQ, Wang WW, Yang YB, Gu CZ, Ji P, Chen C, et al. Knockdown of long noncoding RNA PVT1 suppresses cell proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer via upregulation of microRNA-214-3p. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2019;317:G222–32.
Kong F, Ma J, Yang H, Yang D, Wang C, Ma X. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 promotes malignancy in human endometrial carcinoma cells through negative regulation of miR-195-5p. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 2018;1865:1479–90.
Luo Z, Cao P. Long noncoding RNA PVT1 promotes hepatoblastoma cell proliferation through activating STAT3. Cancer Manag Res. 2019;11:8517.
Lamouille S, Xu J, Derynck R. Molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014;15:178–96.
Chang QQ, Chen CY, Chen Z, Chang S. LncRNA PVT1 promotes proliferation and invasion through enhancing Smad3 expression by sponging miR-140-5p in cervical cancer. Radiol Oncol. 2019;53:443.
Xu Y, Luo X, He W, Chen G, Li Y, Li W, et al. Long non-coding RNA PVT1/miR-150/HIG2 axis regulates the proliferation, invasion and the balance of iron metabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;49:1403–19.
Liu YP, Wan J, Long F, Tian J, Zhang C. CircPVT1 facilitates invasion and metastasis by regulating miR-205-5p/c-FLIP axis in osteosarcoma. Cancer Manag Res. 2020;12:1229.
Zheng X, Hu H, Li S. High expression of lncRNA PVT1 promotes invasion by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in esophageal cancer. Oncol Lett. 2016;12:2357–62.
Goldar S, Khaniani MS, Derakhshan SM, Baradaran B. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and roles in cancer development and treatment. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prevention. 2015;16:2129–44.
Du P, Hu C, Qin Y, Zhao J, Patel R, Fu Y, et al. LncRNA PVT1 mediates antiapoptosis and 5-fluorouracil resistance via increasing Bcl2 expression in gastric cancer. J Oncol. 2019;2019:9325407.
Zhou Q, Chen F, Zhao J, Li B, Liang Y, Pan W, et al. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 promotes osteosarcoma development by acting as a molecular sponge to regulate miR-195. Oncotarget. 2016;7:82620.
Sun ZY, Jian YK, Zhu HY, Li B. lncRNAPVT1 targets miR-152 to enhance chemoresistance of osteosarcoma to gemcitabine through activating c-MET/PI3K/AKT pathway. Pathol Res Pract. 2019;215:555–63.
Wang X, Zhang Y, Li W, Liu X. Knockdown of cir_RNA PVT1 elevates gastric cancer cisplatin sensitivity via sponging miR-152-3p. J Surg Res. 2021;261:185–95.
Ping G, Xiong W, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Silencing long noncoding RNA PVT1 inhibits tumorigenesis and cisplatin resistance of colorectal cancer. Am J Transl Res. 2018;10:138–49.
Fan H, Zhu JH, Yao XQ. Knockdown of long non-coding RNA PVT1 reverses multidrug resistance in colorectal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep. 2018;17:8309–15.
Kun-Peng Z, Xiao-Long M, Chun-Lin Z. Overexpressed circPVT1, a potential new circular RNA biomarker, contributes to doxorubicin and cisplatin resistance of osteosarcoma cells by regulating ABCB1. Int J Biol Sci. 2018;14:321.
Yin C, Qie S, Sang N. Carbon source metabolism and its regulation in cancer cells. Crit Rev Eukaryotic Gene Expression. 2012;22:17–35.
Patra KC, Wang Q, Bhaskar PT, Miller L, Wang Z, Wheaton W, et al. Hexokinase 2 is required for tumor initiation and maintenance and its systemic deletion is therapeutic in mouse models of cancer. Cancer Cell. 2013;24:213–28.
Song J, Wu X, Liu F, Li M, Sun Y, Wang Y, et al. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 promotes glycolysis and tumor progression by regulating miR-497/HK2 axis in osteosarcoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017;49:217–24.
Chen J, Yu Y, Li H, Hu Q, Chen X, He Y, et al. Long non-coding RNA PVT1 promotes tumor progression by regulating the miR-143/HK2 axis in gallbladder cancer. Mol Cancer. 2019;18:1–16.
Zhu X, Du J, Gu Z. Circ-PVT1/miR-106a-5p/HK2 axis regulates cell growth, metastasis and glycolytic metabolism of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Biochem. 2020;474:147–58.
Yang YR, Zang SZ, Zhong CL, Li YX, Zhao SS, Feng XJ. Increased expression of the lncRNA PVT1 promotes tumorigenesis in non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2014;7:6929–35.
Huang C, Liu S, Wang H, Zhang Z, Yang Q, Gao F. LncRNA PVT1 overexpression is a poor prognostic biomarker and regulates migration and invasion in small cell lung cancer. Am J Transl Res. 2016;8:5025–34.