Immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Journal
Nature reviews. Clinical oncology
ISSN: 1759-4782
Titre abrégé: Nat Rev Clin Oncol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101500077
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 2022
03 2022
Historique:
accepted:
11
10
2021
pubmed:
13
11
2021
medline:
28
4
2022
entrez:
12
11
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Liver cancer, more specifically hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the second leading cause of cancer-related death and its incidence is increasing globally. Around 50% of patients with HCC receive systemic therapies, traditionally sorafenib or lenvatinib in the first line and regorafenib, cabozantinib or ramucirumab in the second line. In the past 5 years, immune-checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the management of HCC. The combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab has been shown to improve overall survival relative to sorafenib, resulting in FDA approval of this regimen. More recently, durvalumab plus tremelimumab yielded superior overall survival versus sorafenib and atezolizumab plus cabozantinib yielded superior progression-free survival. In addition, pembrolizumab monotherapy and the combination of nivolumab plus ipilimumab have received FDA Accelerated Approval in the second-line setting based on early efficacy data. Despite these major advances, the molecular underpinnings governing immune responses and evasion remain unclear. The immune microenvironment has crucial roles in the development and progression of HCC and distinct aetiology-dependent immune features have been defined. Inflamed and non-inflamed classes of HCC and genomic signatures have been associated with response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors, yet no validated biomarker is available to guide clinical decision-making. This Review provides information on the immune microenvironments underlying the response or resistance of HCC to immunotherapies. In addition, current evidence from phase III trials on the efficacy, immune-related adverse events and aetiology-dependent mechanisms of response are described. Finally, we discuss emerging trials assessing immunotherapies across all stages of HCC that might change the management of this disease in the near future.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34764464
doi: 10.1038/s41571-021-00573-2
pii: 10.1038/s41571-021-00573-2
doi:
Substances chimiques
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
0
Sorafenib
9ZOQ3TZI87
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
151-172Subventions
Organisme : Cancer Research UK
ID : 26813
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NIDDK NIH HHS
ID : R01 DK128289
Pays : United States
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
ID : PS3416
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Cancer Research UK
ID : C57701/A26137
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Cancer Research UK
ID : 26603
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
© 2021. Springer Nature Limited.
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