Parenteral nutrition compatibility and stability: A comprehensive review.
compatibility
parenteral nutrition
stability
Journal
JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition
ISSN: 1941-2444
Titre abrégé: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7804134
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 2022
02 2022
Historique:
pubmed:
18
11
2021
medline:
1
4
2022
entrez:
17
11
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Several guidance documents support best practices across the stages of the parenteral nutrition (PN) use process to optimize patient safety. The critical step of PN order verification and review by the pharmacist requires a contextual assessment of the compatibility and stability implications of the ordered PN prescription. This article will provide working definitions, describe PN component characteristics, and present a wide-ranging representation of compatibility and stability concerns that need to be considered prior to preparing a PN admixture. This paper has been approved by the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) Board of Directors.
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
273-299Informations de copyright
© 2022 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.
Références
Flack HL, Gans JA, Serlick SE, Dudrick SJ. The current status of parenteral hyperalimentation. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1971;28(5):326-335.
Mirtallo J, Canada T, Johnson D, et al. Safe practices for parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2004;28(6_suppl):S39-S70. [Erratum published in JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006;30(2):177].
Ayers P, Adams S, Boullata J, et al. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. A.S.P.E.N. parenteral nutrition safety consensus recommendations. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2014;38(3):296-333.
Boullata JI, Gilbert K, Sacks G, et al. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. A.S.P.E.N. Clinical guidelines: parenteral nutrition ordering, order review, compounding, labeling, and dispensing. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2014;38(3):334-377.
Worthington P, Balint J, Bechtold M, et al. When is parenteral nutrition appropriate? JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2017;41(3):324-377.
Boullata JI, Holcombe B, Sacks G, et al. Standardized competencies for parenteral nutrition order review and parenteral nutrition preparation, including compounding: the ASPEN model. Nutr Clin Pract. 2016;31(4):548-555.
Ayers P, Boullata J, Sacks G. Parenteral nutrition safety: the story continues. Nutr Clin Pract. 2018;33(1):46-52.
Allen LV, ed. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 22nd ed. Pharmaceutical Press; 2013.
Barnett MI, Cosslett AG, Duffield JR, et al. Parenteral nutrition: pharmaceutical problems of compatibility and stability. Drug Saf. 1990;5(suppl 1):101-106.
Trissel LA. Compounding our problems. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1994;51(12):1534.
Allwood MC. Reflections on current issues concerning the stability of parenteral nutrition mixtures. Nutrition. 2002;18(7-8):691-692.
Salman G, Boullata JI, Sacks GS, Tellez-Corrales E. Call to Action: the need for enhanced nutrition support education and training in pharmacy schools and postgraduate programs. J Am Coll Clin Pharm. 2021;4(5):612-615.
Allwood MC. Compatibility and stability of TPN mixtures in big bags. J Clin Hosp Pharm. 1984;9(3):181-198.
Aulton ME, Taylor KMG, eds. Aulton's Pharmaceutics. 4th ed. Churchill Livingstone-Elsevier; 2013.
Florence AT, Attwood D. Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy. 5th ed. Pharmaceutical Press; 2011.
Mirtallo JM. Parenteral formulas. In: Rombeau JL, Rolandelli RH, eds. Clinical Nutrition: Parenteral Nutrition. 3rd ed. WB Saunders; 2001:118-139.
Tovsen ML, Smistad G, Bjerke TM, Tønnesen HH, Kristensen S. Physicochemical stability of emulsions and admixtures for parenteral nutrition during irradiation by glass-filtered daylight at standardized conditions. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol. 2015;69(3):346-354.
Murphy S, Craig DQ, Murphy A. An investigation into the physical stability of a neonatal parenteral nutrition formulation. Acta Paediatr. 1996;85(12):1483-1486.
Jeppsson RI, Sjöberg B. Compatibility of parenteral nutrition solutions when mixed in a plastic bag. Clin Nutr. 1984;2(3-4):149-158.
Ang SD, Canham JE, Daly JM. Parenteral infusion with an admixture of amino acids, dextrose, and fat emulsion solution: compatibility and clinical safety. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1987;11(1):23-27. [Erratum published in JPEN 1987;11(3):274].
Hardy G, Puzovic M. Formulation, stability, and administration of parenteral nutrition with new lipid emulsions. Nutr Clin Pract. 2009;24(5):616-625.
Trissel LA, Gilbert DL, Martinez JF, Baker MB, Walter WV, Mirtallo JM. Compatibility of medications with 3-in-1 parenteral nutrition admixtures. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1999;23(2):67-74.
Staven V, Wang S, Grønlie I, Tho I. Development and evaluation of a test program for Y-site compatibility testing of total parenteral nutrition and IV drugs. Nutr J. 2016;15(1):29.
Wormleighton CV, Catling TB. Stability issues in home parenteral nutrition. Clin Nutr. 1998;17(5):199-203.
Lumpkin MM. Safety alert: hazards of precipitation associated with parenteral nutrition. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 1994;51(11):1427-1428.
Shay DK, Fann LM, Jarvis WR. Respiratory distress and sudden death associated with receipt of a peripheral parenteral nutrition admixture. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1997;18(12):814-817.
Aminosyn-PF 7% and Aminosyn-PF 10% amino acid injection. Package insert. ICU Medical; 2018.
Aminosyn II 10% and Aminosyn II 15% amino acid injection. Package insert. Hospira; 2010.
Clinisol 15% amino acid injection. Package insert. Baxter Healthcare; 2018.
FreAmine III 10% amino acid injection. Package insert. B. Braun Medical; 2020.
HepatAmine 8% amino acid injection. Package insert. B. Braun Medical; 2020.
Plenamine 15% amino acids injection Package insert. B. Braun Medical; 2020.
Premasol 6% and Premasol 10% amino acid injection. Package insert. Baxter Healthcare; 2014.
ProSol 20% amino acid injection. Package insert. Baxter Healthcare; 2014.
Travasol amino acid injection. Package insert. Baxter Healthcare; 2020.
TrophAmine 6% and TrophAmine 10% amino acid injection. Package insert. B. Braun Medical; 2020.
Hardy G, Ball P, McElroy B. Basic principles for compounding all-in-one parenteral nutrition admixtures. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1998;1(3):291-296.
do Nascimento PC, da Marques MS, Bohrer D, de Carvalho LM, Carvalho CW. Chromatography and atomic absorption spectrometry for the assessment of heavy metal distribution among amino acids used in parenteral nutrition formulations: studies with cadmium and lead. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2011;141(1-3):76-85.
Olson LM, Wieruszewski PM, Jannetto PJ, et al. Quantitative assessment of trace-element contamination in parenteral nutrition components. JPEN J Parent Enteral Nutr. 2019;43(8):970-976.
Unger N, Holzgrabe U. Stability and assessment of amino acids in parenteral nutrition solutions. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2018;147:125-139.
Harraki B, Guiraud P, Rochat M, Alary J, Favier A. Interactions related to trace elements in parenteral nutrition. Pharm Acta Helv. 1995;70(4):269-278.
Allwood MC, Martin H, Greenwood M, Maunder M. Precipitation of trace elements in parenteral nutrition mixtures. Clin Nutr. 1998;17(5):223-226.
Thibault M. Possible incompatibility between amino acids and copper in solutions for pediatric parenteral nutrition. Can J Hosp Pharm. 2014;67(2):160-164.
Foinard A, Perez M, Barthélémy C, et al. In vitro assessment of interaction between amino acids and copper in neonatal parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016;40(6):827-834.
Sweetman SC. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. 34th ed. Pharmaceutical Press; 2005.
Gennaro AR. Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 20th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000.
Dextrose injection. Package insert. Baxter Healthcare; 2014.
Dextrose-dextrose monohydrate injection, solution. Package insert. Fresenius Kabi; 2018.
Barat AC, Harrie K, Jacob M, Diamantidis TG, McIntosh NL. Effect of amino acid solutions on total nutrient admixture stability. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1987;11(4):384-388.
Didier ME, Fischer S, Maki DG. Total nutrient admixtures appear safer than lipid emulsion alone as regards microbial contamination: growth properties of microbial pathogens at room temperature. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1998;22(5):291-296.
National Toxicology Program, Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction. NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP). National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services; 2006. Accessed January 29, 2020. NIH Publication No. 06-4476. https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/ohat/phthalates/dehp/dehp-monograph.pdf
Mirtallo JM, Ayers P, Boullata JI, et al. ASPEN lipid injectable emulsion safety recommendations, Part 1: background and adult considerations. Nutr Clin Pract. 2020;35(5):769-782.
Clinolipid. Package insert. Baxter Healthcare; 2020.
Intralipid. Package insert. Baxter Healthcare; 2020.
Nutrilipid injection. Package insert. B. Braun Medical; 2020.
Omegaven injection. Package insert. Fresenius Kabi; 2020.
SMOFLipid. Package insert. Fresenius Kabi; 2020.
Llop Talaverón JM, Novak A, Suñé Negre JM, Tahull MB, Badosa EL, Ticó Grau JR. Phytosterol determination in lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition. Farm Hosp. 2018;42(3):116-119.
Anez-Bustillos L, Dao DT, Baker MA, Fell GL, Puder M, Gura KM. Intravenous fat emulsion formulations for the adult and pediatric patient: understanding the differences. Nutr Clin Pract. 2016;31(5):596-609.
Driscoll DF. Physicochemical assessment of total nutrient admixture stability and safety: quantifying the risk. Nutrition. 1997;13(2):166-167.
Klang MG. PFAT5 and the evolution of lipid admixture stability. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2015;39(1_suppl):67S-71S.
Brown R, Quercia RA, Sigman R. Total nutrient admixture: a review. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1986;10(6):650-658.
Sayeed FA, Tripp MG, Sukumaran KB, Mikrut BA, Stelmach HA, Raihle JA. Stability of total nutrient admixtures using various intravenous fat emulsions. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1987;44(10):2271-2280.
Watrobska-Swietlikowska D. Stability of commercial parenteral lipid emulsions repacking to polypropylene syringes. PLoS One. 2019;14(4):e0214451.
Driscoll DF, Parikh M, Silvestri AP, Klütsch K, Bistrian BR, Nehne J. Establishing a stability window for medium- and long-chain-triglyceride lipid-based total nutrient admixtures using USP standards. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2006;63(21):2135-2143.
Floyd AG. Top ten considerations in the development of parenteral emulsions. Pharm Sci Technlo Today. 1999;4(4):134-143.
Guidelines for essential trace element preparations for parenteral use: a statement by an expert panel. AMA Department of Foods and Nutrition. JAMA. 1979;241(19):2051-2054.
Weinstein MM, Siegel FP, Blake MI. Formulation of a stable trace element solution for TPN. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1980;37(12):1620.
Vanek VW, Borum P, Buchman A, et al. Novel Nutrient Task Force, Parenteral Multi-Vitamin and Multi-Trace Element Working Group; American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) Board of Directors. A.S.P.E.N. position paper: recommendations for change in commercially available parenteral multivitamin and multi-trace element products. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012;27(4):440-491.
Vanek VW, Borum P, Buchman A, et al. A call to action to bring safer parenteral micronutrient products to the U.S. market. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015;30(4):559-569.
Stehle P, Stoffel-Wagner B, Kuhn KS. Parenteral trace element provision: recent clinical research and practical conclusions. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016;70(8):886-893.
Jin J, Mulesa L, Rouillet MC. Trace elements in parenteral nutrition: considerations for the prescribing clinician. Nutrients. 2017;9(5):440.
MultiTrace-4 Pediatric and MultiTrace-4 Neonatal. Package insert. American Regent; 2018.
Tralement trace elements 4 injection, USP. Package insert. American Regent; 2020.
Selenious acid injection. Package insert. American Regent; 2020.
Zinc sulfate injection. Package insert. American Regent; 2020.
Mitrano FP, Baptista RJ. Stability of cimetidine HCl and copper sulfate in a TPN solutions. DICP. 1989;23(5):429-430.
Power-Burns M. Adult multi-trace element availability. May 2013. https://www.fda.gov/media/86363/download. Accessed October 21, 2020
INFED. Package insert. Allergan Sales; 2020.
Venofer. Package insert. American Regent; 2020.
Khaodhiar L, Keane-Ellison M, Tawa NE, et al. Iron deficiency anemia in patients receiving home total parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2002;26(2):114-119.
Domellöf M, Szitanyi P, Simchowitz V, Franz A, Mimouni F; ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN Working Group on Pediatric Parenteral Nutrition. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: iron and trace minerals. Clin Nutr. 2018;37(6):2354-2359.
Barry DM, Reeve AW. Increased incidence of gram-negative neonatal sepsis with intramuscular iron administration. Pediatrics. 1977;60(6):908-912.
M.V.I. pediatric. Package insert. Hospira; 2019.
M.V.I. adult. Package insert. Hospira; 2020.
Pediatric Infuvite multiple vitamins. Package insert. Sandoz Canada; 2016.
Adult Infuvite multiple vitamins. Package insert. Sandoz Canada; 2012.
Kriegel C, Festag M, Kishore RSK, Roethlisberger D, Schmitt G. Pediatric safety of polysorbates in drug formulations. Children. 2020;7(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/children7010001
Brayfield A. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. 39th ed. Pharmaceutical Press; 2019.
MacDonald MG, Fletcher AB, Johnson EL, Boeckx RL, Getson PR, Miller MK. The potential toxicity to neonates of multivitamin preparations used in parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1987;11(2):169-171.
Abedi F, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. A review on gentisic acid as a plant derived phenolic acid and metabolite of aspirin: comprehensive pharmacology, toxicology, and some pharmaceutical aspects. Phytother Res. 2020;34(4):729-741.
Lavoie JC, Bélanger S, Spalinger M, Chessex P. Admixture of a multivitamin preparation to parenteral nutrition: the major contributor to in vitro generation of peroxides. Pediatrics. 1997;99(3):E6.
Christian VJ, Tallar M, Walia CLS, Sieracki R, Goday PS. Systematic review of hypersensitivity to parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2018;42(8):1222-1229.
ASCOR. Package insert. McGuff Pharmaceuticals; 2019.
Ascorbic acid injection. Package insert. Mylan Institutional; 2016.
Thiamine hydrochloride injection. Package insert. Physicians Total Care; 2010.
Thiamine hydrochloride injection. Package insert. Mylan; 2017.
Pyroxidine hydrochloride injection. Package insert. Fresenius Kabi USA; 2019.
Folic acid injection. Package insert. Fresenius Kabi USA; 2019.
Laegeler WL, Tio JM, Blake MI. Stability of certain amino acids in a parenteral nutrition solution. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1974;31(8):776-779.
Jurgens RW, Henry RS, Welco A. Amino acid stability in a mixed parenteral nutrition solution. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1981;38(9):1358-1359.
USP Chapter <788> Particulate matter injections. USP 42-NF 37. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention; 2019.
Newton DW. Maillard reactions in pharmaceutical formulations and human health. Int J Pharm Compound. 2011;15(1):32-40.
Stegink LD, Freeman JB, Den Besten L, Filer LJ. Maillard reaction products in parenteral nutrition. Prog Food Nutr Sci. 1981;5(1-6):265-278.
Labuza TP, Massaro SA. Browning and amino acid loss in model total parenteral nutrition solutions. J Food Sci. 1990;55(3):821-826.
Fry LK, Stegink LD. Formation of Maillard reaction products in parenteral alimentation solutions. J Nutr. 1982;112(8):1631-1637.
Novaes MR, Lima LA, Sousa MV. Maillard's reaction in parenteral solutions supplemented with arginine. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2001;51(3):265-268.
Bullock L, Fitzgerald JF, Walter WV. Emulsion stability in total nutrient admixtures containing a pediatric amino acid formulation. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1992;16(1):64-68.
Washington C, Athersuch A, Kynoch DJ. The electrokinetic properties of phospholipid-stabilized fat emulsions. IV: the effect of glucose and pH. Int J Pharm. 1990;64(2-3):217-222.
Washington C, Connoly MA, Manning R. The electrokinetic properties of phospholipid-stabilized fat emulsions. V: the effect of amino acids on stability. Int J Pharm. 1991;65(1):57-63.
Kaminski MV, Harris DF, Collin CF, Sommers GA. Electrolyte compatibility in a synthetic amino acid hyperalimentation solution. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1974;31(3):244-246.
Allwood MC, Kearney MCJ. Compatibility and stability of additives in parenteral nutrition admixtures. Nutrition. 1998;14(9):697-706.
Niemiec PW, Vanderveen TW. Compatibility considerations in parenteral nutrient solutions. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1984;41(5):893-911.
Driscoll DF, Bhargava HN, Zaim RH, Babayan VK, Bistrian BR. Physicochemical stability of total nutrient admixtures. Am J Health- Syst Pharm. 1995;52(6):623-634.
Newton DW, Driscoll DF. Chemistry and safety of phosphates injections. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2008;65(18):1761-1766.
Watrobska-Swietlikowska D. Compatibility of maximum inorganic and organic calcium and phosphate content in neonatal parenteral solutions. Sci Report. 2019;9(1):10525.
Newton DW, Driscoll DF. Calcium and phosphate compatibility: revisited again. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2008;65(1):73-80.
Wong JC, McDougal AR, Tofan M, et al. Doubling calcium and phosphate concentrations in neonatal parenteral nutrition solutions using monobasic potassium phosphate. J Am Coll Nutr. 2006;25(1):70-77.
Anderson C, MacKay M. Physical compatibility of calcium chloride and sodium glycerophosphate in pediatric parenteral nutrition solutions. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016;40(8):1166-1169.
Robinson LA, Wright BT. Central venous catheter occlusion caused by body heat mediated calcium phosphate precipitation. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1982;39(1):120-121.
Boddapati S, Yang K, Murty R. Intravenous solution compatibility and filter-retention characteristics of trace-element preparations. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1981;38(11):1731-1736.
Staven V, Wang S, Grønlie I, Tho I. Physical stability of an all-in-one parenteral nutrition admixture for preterm infants upon mixing with micronutrients and drugs. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2020;27(1):36-42.
Cochran EB, Boehm KA. Prefilter and postfilter cysteine/cysteine and copper concentrations in pediatric parenteral nutrition solutions. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1992;16(5):460-463.
Bates CG, Greiner G. Gegenheimer A. Precipitate in admixtures of new amino acid injection. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1984;41(7):1312.
Chatterji DC, Kapoor J. Precipitate in admixtures of new amino acid injection (reply). Am J Hosp Pharm. 1984;41(7):1312,1316.
Mayhew SL, Quick MW. Compatibility of iron dextran with neonatal parenteral nutrient solutions. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 1997;54(5):570-571.
Lee D, Barsky D, Hughes R, Driggers J, Poupard N, Mascarenhas M. Evaluation of the safety of iron dextran with parenteral nutrition in the paediatric inpatient setting. Nutr Diet. 2017;74(5):471-475.
Billion-Rey F, Guillaumont M, Frederich A, Aulagner G. Stability of fat-soluble vitamins A (retinol palmitate), E (tocopherol acetate), and K1 (phylloquinone) in total parenteral nutrition at home. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1993;17(1):56-60.
Henton DH, Merritt RJ. Vitamin A sorption to polyvinyl and polyolefin intravenous tubing. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1990;14(1):79-81.
Koletzko B, Goulet O, Hunt J, Krohn K, Shamir R, Parenteral Nutrition Guidelines Working Group; European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism; European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN); European Society of Paediatric Research (ESPR). Guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition of the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN), supported by the European Society of Pediatric Research (ESPR). J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;41Suppl2:S1-S87.
Gillis J, Jones G, Pencharz P. Delivery of vitamins A, D, and E in total parenteral nutrition solutions. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1983;7(1):11-14.
Brawley V, Bhatia J, Karp WB. Effect of sodium metabisulfite on hydrogen peroxide production in light exposed pediatric parenteral amino acid solutions. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 1998;55(12):1288-1292.
Bhatia J, Stegink LD, Ziegler EE. Riboflavin enhances photo-oxidation of amino acids under simulated clinical conditions. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1983;7(3):277-279.
García J, Silva E. Flavin-sensitized photooxidation of amino acids present in a parenteral nutrition infusate: protection by ascorbic acid. J Nutr Biochem. 1997;8(6):341-345.
Unger N, Ferraro A, Holzgrabe U. Investigation of tryptophan-related yellowing in parenteral amino acid solution: development of a stability-indicating method and assessment of degradation products in pharmaceutical formulations. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2020;177:112839.
Harraki B, Guiraud P, Rochat MH, Fussellier M, Favier A. Influence of copper, iron, and zinc on the physicochemical properties of parenteral admixture. J Parenter Sci Technol. 1993;47(5):199-204.
Iliano L, Delanghe M, van Den Baviere H, Lauwers A. Effect of electrolytes in the presence of some trace elements on the stability of all-in-one emulsion mixtures for total parenteral nutrition. J Clin Hosp Pharm. 1984;9(2):87-93.
Deitel M, Smith LC, Friedman KL, et al. Physical stability of a total nutrient admixture for total parenteral nutrition. Can J Surg. 1989;32(4):240-243.
Télessy IG, Balogh J, Turmezei J, Dredán J, Zelkó R. Stability assessment of o/w parenteral nutrition emulsions in the presence of high glucose and calcium concentrations. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2011;56(2):159-164.
Forchielli ML, Bonoli A, Stancari A, et al. Do carnitine and extra trace elements change stability of paediatric parenteral nutrition admixtures?. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(5):2369-2374.
Tripp MG, Menon SK, Mikrut BA. Stability of total nutrient admixtures in a dual-chamber flexible container. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1990;47(11):2496-2503.
Watrobska-Swietlikowska D, Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A, Katarzyna Ł. Evaluation of physical stability of all in one parenteral admixtures for pediatric home care with high electrolytes concentrations. Nutr Hosp. 2015;31(1):236-243.
Lobo BW, da Veiga VF, Cabral LM, et al. Influence of the relative composition of trace elements and vitamins in physicochemical stability of total parenteral nutrition formulations for neonatal use. Nutr J. 2012;11(1):26.
Uccello-Barretta G, Balzano F, Aiello F, Falugiani N, Desideri I. Stability of hydrophilic vitamins mixtures in the presence of electrolytes and trace elements for parenteral nutrition: a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigation. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2015;107:7-10.
Lavoie JC, Chessex P. Bound iron admixture prevents the spontaneous generation of peroxides in total parenteral nutrition solutions. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1997;25(3):307-311.
Vaughan LM, Small C, Plunkett V. Incompatibility of iron dextran and a total nutrient admixture. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1990;47(8):1745-1746.
Kumpf VJ. Update on parenteral iron therapy. Nutr Clin Pract. 2003;18(4):318-326.
Puntis JW, Rushton DI. Pulmonary intravascular lipid in neonatal necropsy specimens. Arch Dis Child. 1991;66(1 Spec No):26-28.
Pluhator-Murton MM, Fedorak RN, Audette RJ, et al. Trace element contamination of total parenteral nutrition. 2: effect of storage duration and temperature. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1999;23(4):228-232.
Burge JC, Flancbaum L, Holcombe B. Copper decreases ascorbic acid stability in total parenteral nutrition solutions. J Am Diet Assoc. 1994;94(7):777.
Allwood MC, Greenwood M. Assessment of trace element compatibility in total parenteral nutrition infusions. Pharm Weekbl (Sci). 1992;14(5):321-324.
Shils ME, Levander OA. Selenium stability in TPN solutions. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982;35(4):829.
Levander OA. Considerations in the design of selenium bioavailability studies. Fed Proc. 1983;42(6):1721.
McGee CD, Mascarenhas MG, Ostro MJ, Tsallas G, Jeejeebhoy K. Selenium and vitamin E stability in parenteral solutions. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1985;5(5):568-570.
Ganther HE, Kraus RJ. Chemical stability of selenious acid in total parenteral nutrition solutions containing ascorbic acid. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1989;13(2):185-188.
Sill-Steffens R, Hardy G. Sodium selenite stability in intravenous solutions. Clin Nutr. 2004;23(4):827-828.
Hardy G, Hardy I, Martin H. Selenium stability in vitamin and glutamine mixtures. Clin Nutr. 2005;24(4):596.
Tu Y-H, Knox NL, Bringer JM, et al. Compatibility of iron dextran with total nutrient admixtures. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1992;49(9):2233-2235.
MacKay M, Rusho W, Jackson D, McMillin G, Winther B. Physical and chemical stability of iron sucrose in parenteral nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract. 2009;24(6):733-737.
Ferguson TI, Emery S, Price-Davies R, Cosslett AG. A review of stability issues associated with vitamins in parenteral nutrition. eSPEN J. 2014;9(2):e49-e53.
Ha E, Wang W, Wang YJ. Peroxide formation in polysorbate 80 and protein stability. J Pharm Sci. 2002;91(10):2252-2264.
Silvers KM, Darlow BA, Winterbourn CC. Lipid peroxide and hydrogen peroxide formation in parenteral nutrition solutions containing multivitamins. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2001;25(1):14-17.
Laborie S, Lavoie JC, Chessex P. Paradoxical role of ascorbic acid and riboflavin in solutions of total parenteral nutrition: implication in photoinduced peroxide generation. Pediatr Res. 1998;43(5):601-606.
Silva E, Ugarte R, Andrade A, Edwards AM. Riboflavin-sensitized photoprocesses of tryptophan. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1994;23(1):43-48.
Huvaere K, Cardoso DR, Homem-de-Mello P, Westermann S, Skibsted LH. Light-induced oxidation of unsaturated lipids as sensitized by flavins. J Phys Chem B. 2010;114(16):5583-5593.
Natera J, Massad WA, García NA. Vitamin B1 as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species photogenerated by vitamin B2. Photochem Photobiol. 2011;87(2):317-323.
Ribeiro DO, Pinto DC, Lima LMTR, Volpato NM, Cabral LM, de Sousa VP. Chemical stability study of vitamins thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine and ascorbic acid in parenteral nutrition for neonatal use. Nutr J. 2011;10(1):47-56.
Mirkovic DC, Basic Z, Roganovic B. PP185-Sun influence of type of bag, sort of admixtures and exposure to daylight upon stability of vitamins C and B2 in parenteral nutrition admixtures. Clin Nutr Suppl. 2011;6(1):93-94.
Ferguson TI, Price-Davies R, Cosslett A. Vitamins-an unknown quantity (PP259). Clin Nutr. 2013;32:S219.
Chen MF, Boyce HW Jr, Triplett L. Stability of the B vitamins in mixed parenteral nutrition solution. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1983;7(5):462-464.
Barker A, Hebron BS, Beck PR, Ellis B. Folic acid and total parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1984;8(1):3-8.
McEvoy GK. Handbook on Injectable Drugs. 20th ed. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2018.
Scheiner JM, Araujo MM, DeRitter E. Thiamin destruction by sodium bisulfite in infusion solutions. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1981;38(12):1911-1913.
Bowman BB, Nguyen P. Stability of thiamin in parenteral nutrition solutions. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1983;7(6):567-568.
Smith JL, Canham JE, Kirkland WD, Wells PA. Effect of intralipid, amino acids, container, temperature, and duration of storage on vitamin stability in total parenteral nutrition admixtures. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1988;12(5):478-483. [Erratum published in JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1989;13(2):167.]
Allwood MC. Stability of vitamins in total parenteral nutrition solutions stored in three litter bags. Brit J Int Ther. 1982;1(1):22.
Rockwell GF, Campfield T, Nelson BC, Uden PC. Oxalogenesis in parenteral nutrition solution components. Nutrition. 1998;14(11-12):836-839.
Ferreyra ME, Ocaña MC, Vega R. Trace elements influence on ascorbic acid availability (PP260). Clin Nutr. 2013;32:S121.
Proot P, De Pourcq L, Raymakers AA. Stability of ascorbic acid in a standard total parenteral nutrition mixture. Clin Nutr. 1994;13(5):273-279.
Gibbons E, Allwood MC, Neal T, Hardy G. Degradation of dehydroascorbic acid in parenteral nutrition mixtures. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2001;25(3-4):605-611.
Dupertuis YM, Morch A, Fathi M. Physical characteristics of total parenteral nutrition bags significantly affect the stability of vitamins C and B1: a controlled prospective study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2002;26(5):310-316.
Allwood MC. Factors influencing the stability of ascorbic acid in total parenteral nutrition infusions. J Clin Hosp Pharm. 1984;9(2):75-85.
Kearney MC, Allwood MC, Martin H, Neal T, Hardy G. The influence of amino acid source on the stability of ascorbic acid in TPN admixtures. Nutrition. 1998;14(2):173-178.
Allwood MC, Plane JH. The wavelength-dependent degradation of vitamin A exposed to ultraviolet light. Int J Pharmaceutics. 1986;31(1-2):1-7.
Allwood MC, Martin HJ. The photodegradation of vitamins A and E in parenteral nutrition mixtures during infusion. Clin Nutr. 2000;19(5):339-342.
Haas C, Genzel-Boroviczény O, Koletzko B. Losses of vitamin A and E in parenteral nutrition suitable for premature infants. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;56(9):906-912.
Allwood MC, Ball PA, Driscoll DF, Sizer T. Light protection during parenteral nutrition infusion: is it really necessary?. Nutrition. 2000;16(3):234-235.
Drott P, Meurling S, Meurling L. Clinical adsorption and photodegradation of the fat soluble vitamins A and E. Clin Nutr. 1991;10(6):348-351.
Lavoie J, Chessex P, Rouleau T, Tsopmo A, Friel J. Shielding parenteral multivitamins from light increases vitamin A and E concentration in lung of newborn guinea pigs. Clin Nutr. 2007;26(3):341-347.
Guidetti M, Sforzini A, Bersani G, et al. Vitamin A and vitamin E isoforms stability and peroxidation potential of all-in-one admixtures for parenteral nutrition. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2008;78(3):156-166.
Schmutz CW, Martinelli E, Mühlebach S. Stability of vitamin K1 assessed by HPLC in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) admixtures. Clin Nutr. 1992;12(169):110-111.
Laborie S, Lavoie JC, Pineault M, Chessex P. Protecting solutions of parenteral nutrition from peroxidation. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1999;23(2):104-108.
Robinson DT, Ayers P, Fleming B, et al. Recommendations for photoprotection of parenteral nutrition for neonates and premature infants: an ASPEN position paper. Nutr Clin Pract. 2021;36(5):927-941.
Driscoll DF, Baptista RJ, Mitrano FP, et al. Parenteral nutrient admixtures as drug vehicles: theory and practice in the critical care setting. DICP. 1991;25(3):276-283.
Newton DW. Y-site compatibility of intravenous drugs with parenteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2013;37(3):297-299.
Stawny M, Gostyńska A, Dettlaff, et al. Effect of lipid emulsion on stability of ampicillin in total parenteral nutrition. Nutrients. 2019;11(3):559.
Trissel LA, Gilbert DL, Martinez JF, Baker MB, Walter WV, Mirtallo JM. Compatibility of parenteral nutrient solutions with selected drugs during simulated Y-site administration. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 1997;54(11):1295-1300.
Bouchoud L, Fonzo-Christe C, Klingmüller M, Bonnabry P. Compatibility of intravenous medications with parenteral nutrition: in vitro evaluation. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2013;37(3):416-424.
Nezvalova-Henriksen K, Nilsson N, Østerberg CT, Berge VS, Tho I. Y-site physical compatibility of Numeta G13E with drugs frequently used at neonatal intensive care. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(7):677.
Staven V, Iqbal H, Wang S, Grønlie I, Tho I. Physical compatibility of total parenteral nutrition and drugs in Y-site administration to children from neonates to adolescents. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2017;69(4):448-462.
Veltri M, Lee CKK. Compatibility of neonatal parenteral nutrient solutions with selected intravenous drugs. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 1996;53(21):2611-2613.
Kalikstad B, Skjerdal A, Hansen TW. Compatibility of drug infusions in the NICU. Arch Dis Child. 2010;95(9):745-748.
Watrobska-Swietlikowska D, Pietka M, Klek S. Evaluation of Y-site compatibility of home total parenteral nutrition and intravenous loop diuretics. Medicine. 2019;98(21):(e15747).
Stawny M, Gostyńska A, Nadolna M, Jelińska A. Safe practice of Y-site drug administration: the case of colistin and parenteral nutrition. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(3):292.
Stawny M, Nadolna M, Jelinska A. In vitro compatibility studies of vancomycin with ready-to-use parenteral nutrition admixtures for safer clinical practice. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(8):2539-2546.
Ross EL, Salinas A, Petty K, Her C, Carpenter JF. Compatibility of medications with intravenous lipid emulsions: effects of simulated Y-site mixing. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2020;77(23):1980-1985.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; 2002.
Loff S, Kabs F, Witt K, Sartoris J, Mandl B, Niessen KH, et al. Polyvinylchloride infusion lines expose infants to large amounts of toxic plasticizers. J Pediatr Surg. 2000;35(12):1775-1781.
Green R, Hauser R, Calafat AM, et al. Use of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-containing medical products and urinary levels of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in neonatal intensive care unit infants. Environ Health Perspect. 2005;113(9):1222-1225.
Weuve J, Sanchez BN, Calafat AM, et al. Exposure to phthalates in neonatal intensive care unit infants: urinary concentrations of monoesters and oxidative metabolites. Environ Health Perspect. 2006;114(9):1424-1431.
Mattiazzi P, Bohrer D, Viana C, et al. Extraction/leaching of metal-containing additives from polyvinyl chloride, ethyl vinyl acetate, and polypropylene bags and infusion sets into infusion solutions. PDA J Pharm Sci and Tech. 2019;73(1):60-69.