Biomarkers in Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex, multisystem chronic autoimmune disease. Because of its diverse phenotypes, diagnosis of SLE can be challenging, and current biomarkers are insufficient. Childhood-onset SLE (cSLE), although less prevalent, has higher morbidity and mortality, and early diagnosis is critical for improving outcomes. Many studies have focused on discovering new biomarkers to better diagnose and monitor SLE and cSLE. Herein, the authors aim to review the most investigated biomarkers in development for cSLE, focusing on those that can be measured in the blood or urine.

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Disclosure E.M. Cody: no disclosures. H.I. Brunner: speaking fees for Novartis and Roche (both >$10,000) and GlaxoSmithKline (<$10,000); Consultancies/honoraria (<$10,000): AbbVie, Astra Zeneca-Medimmune, Biogen, Boehringer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, EMD Serono, Genzyme, GlaxoSmithKline, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Merck, Novartis, R-Pharm, Sanofi. The Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, where HBR works as a full-time public employee, has received contributions (>$10,000 each) from the following industries in the past 3 years: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Janssen, Novartis, and Pfizer. This funding has been reinvested for the research activities of the hospital in a fully independent manner, without any commitment to third parties. Dr Brunner’s time is supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH (grant P30-AR-076316).