Systematic investigation on the distribution of four hidden toxic Aconitum alkaloids in commonly used Aconitum herbs and their acute toxicity.

Yunaconitine (YAC), crassicauline A (CCA), 8-deacetylyunaconitine (DYA), and 8-deacetylcrassicauline A (DCA), as hidden toxic Aconitum alkaloids, are detected in some products of processed Aconitum carmichaelii lateral root and poisoning cases. The distribution and toxicity of these four components in Aconitum herbs should be further systematically studied for medication safety. This study developed a new UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS method to determine ten Aconitum alkaloids, including aconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, benzoylaconine, benzoylmesaconine, benzoylhypaconine, YAC, CCA, DYA, and DCA, for Aconitum herbs simultaneously. YAC and CCA were founded in some samples of unprocessed A. carmichaelii lateral root (7.04%), A. carmichaelii root (9.43%), A. brachypodum root (6.00%), and A. ouvrardianum root (100%). Four hidden toxic Aconitum alkaloids were detected in processed A. carmichaelii lateral root (2.56%) and A. vilmorinianum root (100%). Four hidden toxic Aconitum alkaloids played significant roles in the classification of Aconitum herbs by OPLS-DA analysis. The acute toxicity test was performed by up-and-down procedure (UDP). The oral administration of the half lethal dose (LD

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Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.