Graphene and Graphene Oxide as a Support for Biomolecules in the Development of Biosensors.
bioconjugate
functionalization
immobilization
oxygen functional groups
Journal
Nanotechnology, science and applications
ISSN: 1177-8903
Titre abrégé: Nanotechnol Sci Appl
Pays: New Zealand
ID NLM: 101524435
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2021
2021
Historique:
received:
26
08
2021
accepted:
02
10
2021
entrez:
24
11
2021
pubmed:
25
11
2021
medline:
25
11
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Graphene and graphene oxide have become the base of many advanced biosensors due to their exceptional characteristics. However, lack of some properties, such as inertness of graphene in organic solutions and non-electrical conductivity of graphene oxide, are their drawbacks in sensing applications. To compensate for these shortcomings, various methods of modifications have been developed to provide the appropriate properties required for biosensing. Efficient modification of graphene and graphene oxide facilitates the interaction of biomolecules with their surface, and the ultimate bioconjugate can be employed as the main sensing part of the biosensors. Graphene nanomaterials as transducers increase the signal response in various sensing applications. Their large surface area and perfect biocompatibility with lots of biomolecules provide the prerequisite of a stable biosensor, which is the immobilization of bioreceptor on transducer. Biosensor development has paramount importance in the field of environmental monitoring, security, defense, food safety standards, clinical sector, marine sector, biomedicine, and drug discovery. Biosensor applications are also prevalent in the plant biology sector to find the missing links required in the metabolic process. In this review, the importance of oxygen functional groups in functionalizing the graphene and graphene oxide and different types of functionalization will be explained. Moreover, immobilization of biomolecules (such as protein, peptide, DNA, aptamer) on graphene and graphene oxide and at the end, the application of these biomaterials in biosensors with different transducing mechanisms will be discussed.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34815666
doi: 10.2147/NSA.S334487
pii: 334487
pmc: PMC8605898
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Pagination
197-220Informations de copyright
© 2021 Shahriari et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors report no conflicts of interests in this work.
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