COVID-19 vaccinations: The unknowns, challenges, and hopes.


Journal

Journal of medical virology
ISSN: 1096-9071
Titre abrégé: J Med Virol
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 7705876

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
04 2022
Historique:
revised: 26 11 2021
received: 11 10 2021
accepted: 28 11 2021
pubmed: 1 12 2021
medline: 25 2 2022
entrez: 30 11 2021
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

The entire world has been suffering from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since March 11, 2020. More than a year later, the COVID-19 vaccination brought hope to control this viral pandemic. Here, we review the unknowns of the COVID-19 vaccination, such as its longevity, asymptomatic spread, long-term side effects, and its efficacy on immunocompromised patients. In addition, we discuss challenges associated with the COVID-19 vaccination, such as the global access and distribution of vaccine doses, adherence to hygiene guidelines after vaccination, the emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, and vaccine resistance. Despite all these challenges and the fact that the end of the COVID-19 pandemic is still unclear, vaccines have brought great hope for the world, with several reports indicating a significant decline in the risk of COVID19-related infection and hospitalizations.

Identifiants

pubmed: 34845731
doi: 10.1002/jmv.27487
pmc: PMC9015467
doi:

Substances chimiques

COVID-19 Vaccines 0

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

1336-1349

Informations de copyright

© 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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Auteurs

Kawthar Mohamed (K)

School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Manama, Bahrain.

Piotr Rzymski (P)

Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Poznań, Poland.

Md Shahidul Islam (MS)

Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Rangarirai Makuku (R)

School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Harare, Zimbabwe.

Ayesha Mushtaq (A)

International Higher School of Medicine, International University of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.

Amjad Khan (A)

Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Islamabad, Pakistan.

Mariya Ivanovska (M)

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Research Center, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Sara A Makka (SA)

Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Beirut, Lebanon.

Fareeda Hashem (F)

School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Manama, Bahrain.

Leander Marquez (L)

College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Quezon City, Philippines.

Orsolya Cseprekal (O)

Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Budapest, Hungary.

Igor Salerno Filgueiras (IS)

Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, Brazil.

Dennyson Leandro M Fonseca (DLM)

Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Essouma Mickael (E)

Department of Rheumatology and Physical Medicine, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Irene Ling (I)

School of Science, Monash University Malasia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Darul Ehsan, Selangor, Malaysia.

Amanuel Godana Arero (AG)

School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Sarah Cuschieri (S)

Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Valletta, Malta.

Kseniia Minakova (K)

National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kyiv, Ukraine.

Eduardo Rodríguez-Román (E)

Center for Microbiology and Cell Biology, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Caracas, Venezuela.

Sunny O Abarikwu (SO)

Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Choba, Nigeria.

Attig-Bahar Faten (AB)

Tunisia Polytechnic School, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tunis, Tunisia.

Giulia Grancini (G)

Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Pavia, Italy.

Otavio Cabral-Marques (O)

Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Nima Rezaei (N)

School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.

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