Bone density and genomic analysis unfold cold adaptation mechanisms of ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego.
Acclimatization
/ genetics
Adaptation, Physiological
/ genetics
Adipose Tissue, Brown
/ cytology
Body Remains
Bone Density
/ genetics
Cell Differentiation
/ genetics
Chile
Cold Temperature
Ecology
Gene Expression
/ genetics
Gene-Environment Interaction
Genetic Variation
Genomics
Homeodomain Proteins
/ genetics
Humans
Up-Regulation
/ genetics
Journal
Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Titre abrégé: Sci Rep
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101563288
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 12 2021
02 12 2021
Historique:
received:
06
05
2021
accepted:
23
11
2021
entrez:
3
12
2021
pubmed:
4
12
2021
medline:
28
1
2022
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
The Fuegians, ancient inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, are an exemplary case of a cold-adapted population, since they were capable of living in extreme climatic conditions without any adequate clothing. However, the mechanisms of their extraordinary resistance to cold remain enigmatic. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a crucial role in this kind of adaptation, besides having a protective role on the detrimental effect of low temperatures on bone structure. Skeletal remains of 12 adult Fuegians, collected in the second half of XIX century, were analyzed for bone mineral density and structure. We show that, despite the unfavorable climate, bone mineral density of Fuegians was close to that seen in modern humans living in temperate zones. Furthermore, we report significant differences between Fuegians and other cold-adapted populations in the frequency of the Homeobox protein Hox-C4 (HOXC4) rs190771160 variant, a gene involved in BAT differentiation, whose identified variant is predicted to upregulate HOXC4 expression. Greater BAT accumulation might therefore explain the Fuegians extreme cold-resistance and the protection against major cold-related damage. These results increase our understanding of how ecological challenges have been important drivers of human-environment interactions during Humankind history.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34857816
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02783-1
pii: 10.1038/s41598-021-02783-1
pmc: PMC8639971
doi:
Substances chimiques
HOXC4 protein, human
0
Homeodomain Proteins
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
23290Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s).
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