Complexity of immune responses in COVID-19.
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Host microbial interactions
Immune system diseases
Immunity
Journal
Seminars in immunology
ISSN: 1096-3618
Titre abrégé: Semin Immunol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9009458
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
06 2021
06 2021
Historique:
received:
10
08
2021
revised:
22
11
2021
accepted:
24
11
2021
pubmed:
7
12
2021
medline:
21
12
2021
entrez:
6
12
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused substantial morbidity and mortality to humanity. Remarkable progress has been made in understanding both the innate and adaptive mechanisms involved in the host response to the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus, but much remains to be discovered. Robust upper airway defenses are critical in restricting SARS-CoV-2 replication and propagation. Further, the nasal abundance of viral uptake receptor, ACE2, and the host epithelial transcriptional landscape, are associated with differential disease outcomes across different patient cohorts. The adaptive host response to systemic COVID-19 is heterogeneous and complex. Blunted responses to interferon and robust cytokine generation are hallmarks of the disease, particularly at the advanced stages. Excessive immune cell influx into tissues can lead to substantial collateral damage to the host akin to sepsis. This review offers a contemporary summary of these mechanisms of disease and highlights potential avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic development. These include improved disease stratification, targeting effectors of immune-mediated tissue damage, and blunting of immune cell-mediated tissue damage.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34865933
pii: S1044-5323(21)00076-2
doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101545
pmc: PMC8626289
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Cytokines
0
ACE2 protein, human
EC 3.4.17.23
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
EC 3.4.17.23
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
101545Subventions
Organisme : Wellcome Trust
Pays : United Kingdom
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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