Heterogeneity of white matter astrocytes in the human brain.
Astrocytes
Astrocytopathy
Heterogeneity
Human brain
Leukodystrophy
White matter
Journal
Acta neuropathologica
ISSN: 1432-0533
Titre abrégé: Acta Neuropathol
Pays: Germany
ID NLM: 0412041
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 2022
02 2022
Historique:
received:
27
08
2021
accepted:
28
11
2021
revised:
17
11
2021
pubmed:
9
12
2021
medline:
8
3
2022
entrez:
8
12
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Astrocytes regulate central nervous system development, maintain its homeostasis and orchestrate repair upon injury. Emerging evidence support functional specialization of astroglia, both between and within brain regions. Different subtypes of gray matter astrocytes have been identified, yet molecular and functional diversity of white matter astrocytes remains largely unexplored. Nonetheless, their important and diverse roles in maintaining white matter integrity and function are well recognized. Compelling evidence indicate that impairment of normal astrocytic function and their response to injury contribute to a wide variety of diseases, including white matter disorders. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of astrocyte heterogeneity in the white matter of the mammalian brain and how an interplay between developmental origins and local environmental cues contribute to astroglial diversification. In addition, we discuss whether, and if so, how, heterogeneous astrocytes could contribute to white matter function in health and disease and focus on the sparse human research data available. We highlight four leukodystrophies primarily due to astrocytic dysfunction, the so-called astrocytopathies. Insight into the role of astroglial heterogeneity in both healthy and diseased white matter may provide new avenues for therapies aimed at promoting repair and restoring normal white matter function.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34878591
doi: 10.1007/s00401-021-02391-3
pii: 10.1007/s00401-021-02391-3
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
159-177Informations de copyright
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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