From convergence to divergence: Lifespan variation in US states, 1959-2017.
Convergence
Decomposition analysis
Divergence
Lifespan variation
United States
Journal
SSM - population health
ISSN: 2352-8273
Titre abrégé: SSM Popul Health
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101678841
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
Dec 2021
Dec 2021
Historique:
received:
10
10
2021
revised:
15
11
2021
accepted:
29
11
2021
entrez:
17
12
2021
pubmed:
18
12
2021
medline:
18
12
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Large disparities in life expectancy exist across US states and the gaps have been widening in recent decades. Less is known about the lifespan variability - a measure that can provide important insights into mortality inequalities both between and within states. Using yearly lifetables from the United States Mortality Database, we explore geographic and temporal patterns in lifespan variation (unconditional and conditional on survival to age 10, 35 and 65) across US states between 1959 and 2017. We also examine the contribution of state differences in life expectancy to overall lifespan variation using standard decomposition techniques. Despite overall convergence in lifespan variation across states over the last six decades, in more recent years there has been notable divergence. Gender-specific analyses show that lifespan variation was generally greater among males than among females; but this pattern reverses for mortality past age 65. Much of the state disparities in lifespan variation, unconditional and conditional on survival to age 10 and 35, were due to mortality differences under the age 65. Decomposition analysis shows that while within-state variability remains the primary driver of overall lifespan variation, the contribution of cross-state differences in life expectancy is growing. Variation in longevity is greater within US States than between them, yet cross-states disparities in mortality are increasing. This likely reflects the long-term consequences of rising social, economic, and political stratification for health inequalities both within and across states.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Large disparities in life expectancy exist across US states and the gaps have been widening in recent decades. Less is known about the lifespan variability - a measure that can provide important insights into mortality inequalities both between and within states.
METHOD
METHODS
Using yearly lifetables from the United States Mortality Database, we explore geographic and temporal patterns in lifespan variation (unconditional and conditional on survival to age 10, 35 and 65) across US states between 1959 and 2017. We also examine the contribution of state differences in life expectancy to overall lifespan variation using standard decomposition techniques.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Despite overall convergence in lifespan variation across states over the last six decades, in more recent years there has been notable divergence. Gender-specific analyses show that lifespan variation was generally greater among males than among females; but this pattern reverses for mortality past age 65. Much of the state disparities in lifespan variation, unconditional and conditional on survival to age 10 and 35, were due to mortality differences under the age 65. Decomposition analysis shows that while within-state variability remains the primary driver of overall lifespan variation, the contribution of cross-state differences in life expectancy is growing.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
Variation in longevity is greater within US States than between them, yet cross-states disparities in mortality are increasing. This likely reflects the long-term consequences of rising social, economic, and political stratification for health inequalities both within and across states.
Identifiants
pubmed: 34917746
doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100987
pii: S2352-8273(21)00262-7
pmc: PMC8666353
doi:
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Pagination
100987Subventions
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : P30 AG017266
Pays : United States
Organisme : NIA NIH HHS
ID : R01 AG060109
Pays : United States
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
None declared.
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