Diagnosis and management of primary central nervous system lymphoma: a consensus practice statement from the Australasian Lymphoma Alliance.
CNS
PCNSL
central nervous system
chemotherapy
lymphoma
Journal
Internal medicine journal
ISSN: 1445-5994
Titre abrégé: Intern Med J
Pays: Australia
ID NLM: 101092952
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
09 2022
09 2022
Historique:
revised:
24
10
2021
received:
15
05
2021
accepted:
05
12
2021
pubmed:
21
12
2021
medline:
16
9
2022
entrez:
20
12
2021
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Primary central nervous system lymphoma is a clinicopathological disease entity that accounts for 1% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Advanced patient age, adverse disease biology and complexities of diagnosis and treatment render outcomes markedly inferior to systemic NHL. Despite this, an increasing evidence base, including limited randomised controlled clinical trial data, is informing optimal therapeutic strategies with methotrexate-based induction chemotherapy schedules and intensified consolidation in selected patients. This practice statement represents an evidence-based review of the literature and has been devised to assist healthcare professionals in the diagnosis and management of this disease.
Substances chimiques
Methotrexate
YL5FZ2Y5U1
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1624-1632Informations de copyright
© 2021 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.
Références
Schlegel U. Primary CNS lymphoma. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2009; 2: 93-104.
NHMRC. NHMRC levels of evidence and grades for recommendations for developers of guidelines. 2009 [cited 2021 Dec]. Available from URL: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/images/NHMRC%20Levels%20and%20Grades%20(2009).pdf
Bataille B, Delwail V, Menet E, Vandermarcq P, Ingrand P, Water M et al. Primary intracerebral malignant lymphoma: report of 248 cases. J Neurosurg 2000; 92: 261-6.
Taylor JW, Flanagan EP, O'Neill BP, Siegal T, Omuro A, Deangelis L et al. Primary leptomeningeal lymphoma: International Primary CNS Lymphoma Collaborative Group report. Neurology 2013; 81: 1690-6.
Flanagan EP, O'Neill BP, Porter AB, Lanzino G, Haberman TM, Keegan BM. Primary intramedullary spinal cord lymphoma. Neurology 2011; 77: 784-91.
Fox CP, Phillips EH, Smith J, Linton K, Gallop-Evans E, Hemmaway C et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2019; 184: 348-63.
Grommes C, Rubenstein JL, DeAngelis LM, Ferreri AJ, Batchelor TT. Comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment of newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma. Neuro Oncol 2019; 21: 296-305.
Nayyar N, White MD, Gill CM, Lastrapes M, Bertalan M, Kaplan A et al. MYD88 L265P mutation and CDKN2A loss are early mutational events in primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Blood Adv 2019; 3: 375-83.
Nakamura T, Tateishi K, Niwa T, Matsushita Y, Tamura K, Kinoshita M et al. Recurrent mutations of CD79B and MYD88 are the hallmark of primary central nervous system lymphomas. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2016; 42: 279-90.
Fukumura K, Kawazu M, Kojima S, Ueno T, Sai E, Soda M et al. Genomic characterization of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 131: 865-75.
Chapuy B, Roemer MG, Stewart C, Tan Y, Abo RP, Zhang L et al. Targetable genetic features of primary testicular and primary central nervous system lymphomas. Blood 2016; 127: 869-81.
Nayak L, Iwamoto FM, LaCasce A, Mukundan S, Roemer MG, Chapuy B et al. PD-1 blockade with nivolumab in relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system and testicular lymphoma. Blood 2017; 129: 3071-3.
Abrey LE, Batchelor TT, Ferreri AJ, Gospodarowicz M, Pulczynski EJ, Zucca E et al. Report of an international workshop to standardize baseline evaluation and response criteria for primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 5034-43.
Shiels MS, Pfeiffer RM, Besson C, Clarke CA, Morton LM, Nogueira L et al. Trends in primary central nervous system lymphoma incidence and survival in the U.S. Br J Haematol 2016; 174: 417-24.
Houillier C, Soussain C, Ghesquieres H, Soubeyran P, Chinot O, Taillandier L et al. Management and outcome of primary CNS lymphoma in the modern era: an LOC network study. Neurology 2020; 94: e1027-39.
Ferreri AJ, Blay J, Reni M, Pasini F, Spina M, Ambrosetti A et al. Prognostic scoring system for primary CNS lymphomas: the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group experience. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 266-72.
Ferreri AJ, Reni M, Pasini F, Calderoni A, Tirelli U, Pivnik A et al. A multicentre study of treatment of primary CNS lymphoma. Neurology 2002; 58: 1513-20.
Kasenda B, Ferreri AJ, Marturano E, Forst D, Bromberg J, Ghesquieres H et al. First-line treatment and outcome of elderly patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL)-a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Ann Oncol 2015; 26: 1305-13.
Ferreri AJ, Reni M, Foppoli M, Martelli M, Pangalis GA, Frezzato M et al. High-dose cytarabine plus high-dose methotrexate versus high-dose methotrexate alone in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: a randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet 2009; 374: 1512-20.
Korfel A, Schlegel U. Diagnosis and treatment of primary CNS lymphoma. Nat Rev Neurol 2013; 9: 317-27.
Abrey LE. Hematology. Individualized methotrexate dosing in primary CNS lymphoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2010; 7: 306-7.
Schafer N, Glas M, Herrlinger U. Primary CNS lymphoma: a clinician's guide. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 12: 1197-206.
Roth P, Korfel A, Martus P, Weller M. Pathogenesis and management of primary CNS lymphoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2012; 12: 623-33.
O'Brien PC, Seymour JF. Progress in primary CNS lymphoma. Lancet 2009; 374: 1477-8.
Morris PG, Abrey LE. Therapeutic challenges in primary CNS lymphoma. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8: 581-92.
Prica A, Chan K, Cheung MC. Combined modality therapy versus chemotherapy alone as an induction regimen for primary central nervous system lymphoma: a decision analysis. Br J Haematol 2012; 158: 600-7.
Deangelis LM, Hormigo A. Treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Semin Oncol 2004; 31: 684-92.
Welch MR, Omuro A, Deangelis LM. Outcomes of the oldest patients with primary CNS lymphoma treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14: 1304-11.
Rubenstein JL, Hsi ED, Johnson JL, Jung S, Nakashima MO, Grant B et al. Intensive chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: CALGB 50202 (Alliance 50202). J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: 3061-8.
Kasenda B, Schorb E, Fritsch K, Finke J, Illerhaus G. Prognosis after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem-cell transplantation as first-line treatment in primary CNS lymphoma - a long-term follow-up study. Ann Oncol 2012; 23: 2670-5.
Fritsch K, Kasenda B, Hader C, Nikkhah G, Prinz M, Haug V et al. Immunochemotherapy with rituximab, methotrexate, procarbazine, and lomustine for primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) in the elderly. Ann Oncol 2011; 22: 2080-5.
Pels H, Schmidt-Wolf IG, Glasmacher A, Schulz H, Engert A, Diehl V et al. Primary central nervous system lymphoma: results of a pilot and phase II study of systemic and intraventricular chemotherapy with deferred radiotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 4489-95.
Batchelor T, Carson K, O'Neill A, Grossman SA, Alavi J, New P et al. Treatment of primary CNS lymphoma with methotrexate and deferred radiotherapy: a report of NABTT 96-07. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 1044-9.
Zhu J, Gerstner ER, Engler DA, Mrugaga MM, Nugent W, Nierenberg K et al. High-dose methotrexate for elderly patients with primary CNS lymphoma. Neuro Oncol 2009; 11: 211-15.
Morris PG, Correa DD, Yahalom J, Raizer JJ, Schiff D, Grant B et al. Rituximab, methotrexate, procarbazine, and vincristine followed by consolidation reduced-dose whole-brain radiotherapy and cytarabine in newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: final results and long-term outcome. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31: 3971-9.
Ferreri AJ, Cwynarski K, Pulczynski E, Ponzoni M, Deckert M, Politi LS et al. Chemoimmunotherapy with methotrexate, cytarabine, thiotepa, and rituximab (MATRix regimen) in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: results of the first randomisation of the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group-32 (IELSG32) phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol 2016; 3: e217-27.
Thiel E, Korfel A, Martus P, Kanz L, Griesinger F, Rauch M et al. High-dose methotrexate with or without whole brain radiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma (G-PCNSL-SG-1): a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol 2010; 11: 1036-47.
Bromberg JE, Issa S, Bakunina K, Minnema MC, Seute T, Durian M et al. Rituximab in patients with primary CNS lymphoma (HOVON 105/ALLG NHL 24): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 intergroup study. Lancet Oncol 2019; 20: 216-28.
Milgrom SA, Yahalom J. The role of radiation therapy in the management of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 56: 1197-204.
Omuro AM, Ben-Porat LS, Panageas KS, Kim AK, Correa DD, Yahalom J et al. Delayed neurotoxicity in primary central nervous system lymphoma. Arch Neurol 2005; 62: 1595-600.
Nelson DF, Martz KL, Bonner H, Nelson JS, Newall J, Kerman HD et al. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the brain: can high dose, large volume radiation therapy improve survival? Report on a prospective trial by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG): RTOG 8315. Int J Radia Oncol Biol Phys 1992; 23: 9-17.
Ferreri AJ, Veron C, Politi LS, Chiara A, Perna L, Villa E et al. Consolidation radiotherapy in primary central nervous system lymphomas: impact on outcome of different fields and doses in patients in complete remission after upfront chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 80: 169-75.
Doolittle ND, Korfel A, Lubow MA, Schorb E, Schlegel U, Rogowski S et al. Long-term cognitive function, neuroimaging, and quality of life in primary CNS lymphoma. Neurology 2013; 81: 84-92.
Correa DD, Rocco-Donovan M, DeAngelis LM, Dolgoff-Kaspar R, Iwamoto F, Yahalom J et al. Prospective cognitive follow-up in primary CNS lymphoma patients treated with chemotherapy and reduced-dose radiotherapy. J Neurooncol 2009; 91: 315-21.
Yahalom J, Illidge T, Specht T, Hoppe RT, Li Y, Tsang R et al. Modern radiation therapy for extranodal lymphomas: field and dose guidelines from the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 92: 11-31.
Illerhaus G, Müller F, Feuerhake F, Schafer A, Ostertag C, Finke J. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation without consolidating radiotherapy as first-line treatment for primary lymphoma of the central nervous system. Haematologica 2008; 93: 147-8.
Kiefer T, Hirt C, Spath C, Schuler F, Al-Ali HK, Wolf H et al. Long-term follow-up of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation and response-adapted whole-brain radiotherapy for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: results of the multicenter Ostdeutsche Studiengruppe Hamatologie und Onkologie OSHO-53 phase II study. Ann Oncol 2012; 23: 1809-12.
Schorb E, Kasenda B, Atta J, Kaun S, Morgner A, Hess G et al. Prognosis of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma after high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 2013; 98: 765-70.
Omuro A, Correa DD, DeAngelis LM, Moskowitz CH, Matasar MJ, Kaley TJ et al. R-MPV followed by high-dose chemotherapy with TBC and autologous stem-cell transplant for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma. Blood 2015; 125: 1403-2410.
DeFilipp Z, Li S, El-Jawahri A, Armand P, Nayak K, Wang N et al. High-dose chemotherapy with thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide and autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma in first complete remission. Cancer 2017; 123: 3073-9.
Ferreri AJ, Cwynarski K, Pulczynski E, Fox CP, Schorb E, La Rosee P et al. Whole-brain radiotherapy or autologous stem-cell transplantation as consolidation strategies after high-dose methotrexate-based chemoimmunotherapy in patients with primary CNS lymphoma: results of the second randomisation of the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group-32 phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2017; 4: e510-e23.
Correa DD, Braun E, Kryza-Lacombe M, Ho K, Reiner AS, Panageas KS et al. Longitudinal cognitive assessment in patients with primary CNS lymphoma treated with induction chemotherapy followed by reduced-dose whole-brain radiotherapy or autologous stem cell transplantation. J Neurooncol 2019; 144: 553-62.
Houillier C, Taillandier L, Dureau S, Lamy T, Laadhari M, Chinot O et al. Radiotherapy or autologous stem-cell transplantation for primary CNS lymphoma in patients 60 years of age and younger: results of the intergroup ANOCEF-GOELAMS randomized phase II PRECIS study. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37: 823-33.
Soussain C, Hoang-Xuan K, Taillandier L, Fourme E, Choquet S, Witz F et al. Intensive chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for refractory and recurrent primary CNS and intraocular lymphoma: Société Française de Greffe de Moëlle Osseuse-Thérapie Cellulaire. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26: 2512-18.
Erkurt MA, Berber I, Tekgunduz E, Dogu MH, Korkmaz S, Demir C et al. Primary central nervous system lymphoma in daily practice and the role of autologous stem cell transplantation in relapsed disease: a retrospective multicenter study. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 54: 80-4.
Kasenda B, Ihorst G, Schroers R, Korfel A, Schmidt-Wolf I, Egerer G et al. High- dose chemotherapy with autologous haematopoietic stem cell support for relapsed or refractory primary CNS lymphoma: a prospective multicentre trial by the German Cooperative PCNSL study group. Leukemia 2017; 31: 2623-9.
Hottinger AF, DeAngelis LM, Yahalom J, Abrey LE. Salvage whole brain radiotherapy for recurrent or refractory primary CNS lymphoma. Neurology 2007; 69: 1178-82.
Nguyen PL, Chakravarti A, Finkelstein DM, Hochberg FH, Batchelor TT, Loeffler JS. Results of whole-brain radiation as salvage of methotrexate failure for immunocompetent patients with primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 1507-13.
Grommes C, Nayak L, Tun HW, Batchelor TT. Introduction of novel agents in the treatment of primary CNS lymphoma. Neuro Oncol 2019; 21: 306-13.
Soussain C, Choquet S, Blonski M, Leclercq D, Houillier C, Rezai K et al. Ibrutinib monotherapy for relapse or refractory primary CNS lymphoma and primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: final analysis of the phase II 'proof-of-concept' iLOC study by the lymphoma study association (LYSA) and the French oculo-cerebral lymphoma (LOC) network. Eur J Cancer 2019; 21: 306-13.
Lionakis MS, Dunleavy K, Roschewski M, Widemann BC, Butman JA, Schmitz R et al. Inhibition of B cell receptor signaling by Ibrutinib in primary CNS lymphoma. Cancer Cell 2017; 31: 833-43.
Grommes C, Pastore A, Palaskas N, Tang SS, Campos C, Schartz D et al. Ibrutinib unmasks critical role of Bruton tyrosine kinase in primary CNS lymphoma. Cancer Discov 2017; 7: 1018-29.
Chamoun K, Choquet S, Boyle E, Houillier C, Larrieu-Ciron D, Al Jijakli A et al. Ibrutinib monotherapy in relapsed/refractory CNS lymphoma: a retrospective case series. Neurology 2017; 88: 101-2.
Grommes C, Tang SS, Wolfe J, Kaley TJ, Daras M, Pentsova EI et al. Phase 1b trial of an ibrutinib-based combination therapy in recurrent/refractory CNS lymphoma. Blood 2019; 133: 436-45.